Pestalozzian System of Educution. 147 
on his memory, he has a tolerable idea of the reason and 
utility of the rule confirmed by the example in his transla- 
tion, and supported by the explanation of the master, which: 
avoids the dry, disagreeable, and disgusting study of the the- 
ory of grammar, than which nothing can be more irksome, 
tiresome, and unpleasant to the learner, or more difficult for 
the schoolmaster, to command attention to; and often renders 
correction and punishment necessary, to force the pupils to 
choose the lesser evil. 
Education ought to be the apprenticeship of life, and chil- 
dren ought to be taught what imperious necessity may force 
them to practice when men, always preferring the useful to 
the ornamental ; preparing ihem to withstand the reverses of 
fortune, leaving the choice of their amusement and pastime, 
until their pecuniary independence shall permit them to make 
a choice of their pleasure. 
To court pleasure and avoid pain, includes the greatest 
part of the motives of human actions; to accomplish which, 
children ought to be taught to avoid remorse, fear, misery, 
and ennui. To prevent the first, act always honestly and 
uprightly ; do as you would wish to be done by: secondly, 
retain all your instinctive courage and view every thing as it 
really exists: thirdly, allow a moderate indulgence of the 
natural appetites, and enjoin a total prohibition against ac- 
quiring any artificial tastes or appetites; observe frugality, 
and the strictest economy in the smallest expenditure, recol- 
lecting the old proverb, ‘take care of the pence, the pounds 
will take care of themselves:’’ fourthly, obtain a knowledge 
of the objects of nature and art, and an early habit of re- 
ceiving pleasure from the examination of them. 
Hume’s definition of man, that he is a bundle of habits, is 
as true as laconic, and points out the advantages that instruct- 
ors of youth might derive from that propensity, namely, that 
of acting from habit. By constantly and habitually asso- 
ciating pleasurable sensations with all the useful and necessary 
operations of life, we thus turn the common occupations which 
the wants of man require into amusements; and form the 
life of man into an agreeable pastime. If we. examine how 
the trifling diversions of hunting, fishing, gaming, &c. &c. be- 
come pleasures, we shall find the cause to exist in habit, and 
frequent use, which might be more easily attached to some 
useful employment, the advantages of which would be per- 
manent and lasting, and not finishing when the action was 
