Pestalozman Systen of Education. 140 
are b tiomed on free will, and united with agreeable sens: - 
tiois. Their most complicated studies are but an amuse~ 
ment which increases with the difficulties they encounter; and 
this concatenation of pleasurable ideas with moral study 
never ceases, and is ihe cause of their being at school duriny 
their whole lives; and the progress of their knowledge and 
improvement finishes only in the grave. ‘ 
The boys learu at least one mechanical art; for instance, 
to set types and print; and for this purpose there is a print- 
ing press in each school, by the aid of which are published 
all their elementary books, all of which are constructed upon 
the contrary principles from those of the old school : viz. 
taking the most direct and easiest road to arrive at the end 
proposed, in place of the circuitous metaphysical method 
adopted by the old system, as if teachers were afraid of giving 
knowledge too cheap. By setting types they practice accu- 
rate spelling, and become familiar with the construction of 
all the languages which they print, and they can earn their 
bread in case of necessity. It is also a great source of econo- 
my to the school, and answers all the purpeses of a recreation 
from more difficult studies. 
The immense advantages of the system are more evident 
when applied to the great bulk of mankind ; namely, the sro- 
ductive, labouring, and useful classes. ‘Those who from con- 
quest, force, fraud, or the industry of their ancestors, are left 
with a sufficient revenue to hve without labour, may remain 
in astate of ignorance. Perhaps this may be the fact without 
injuring inaterially the state of civilization in the mass of so- 
ciety, as the tgnorance of the class spoken of facilitates and 
accelerates the division of property, a state of things so ne- 
cessary to general happiness, and to the eclevation-of mankind 
to the highest condition of moral and physical perfection. 
The pupils are capable of obtaining an accuracy of sight, 
which they acquire by a constant practice of measuring dise 
tance and nee ons. which gives them, when they leave the 
school, an experience equal to the acquirements of many 
years of iB eteuetion of an artisan, as they can, at a glance, de- 
cide whether a horse-shoe, a nail, a board, or any other piece 
of iron, wood, &c. will answer the purpose for which it is in- 
tended, without the trouble of trying 
They lear: natural philosophy by the most improved and 
simpie instruments; chemistry by the latest and most accu- 
rate experiments, never departing from the golden rule of 
