328 Notes on certain parts of the Slate of Ohio. 
neither fly nor crawl to any considerable distance. In this 
staté they remain until morning, their wings gradually unfold- 
ing, and as the day increases, they, by little and little, and fre- 
quent attempts, learn to fly fora few feet, so that by night they 
are able to fly forseveral rods. In their efforts to disengage 
themselves from their shell or envelope, I noticed that many 
of them lost their lives—either from a want of strength to 
burst away, or from the narrowness of the passage, occasion- 
ed by their coming to the surface of the ground too early, and 
the action of the air drying, burst their covering before their 
bodies were prepared for the change. In a diary which I 
kept at the time I find the following observations. 
June 3. —Yesterday the cicadz were seen making prepara- 
tion to lay their eggs. 
June 4.—The cicada begin to deposit their eggs in the ten- 
der branches of apple-trees: they appear to be very fond of 
young trees of this kind, and of the forest-trees they seem to 
have a decided preference for the beech, on which they col- 
lect in vast multitudes; and when any one passes near, they 
make a great noise, and screaming, with their air-bladders, 
or bagpipes. ‘These bags are placed under, and rather be- 
hind the wings, in the axilla, something in the manner of using 
the bagpipes, with the bags under the arms—I could compare 
them to nothing else; and indeed I suspect the first inventor 
of the instrument borrowed his ideas from some insect of this 
kind. They playa variety of notes and sounds, one of which 
nearly imitates the scream of the tree-toad. 
June 12.—The cicadz still very busy depositing their eggs 
in the tender branches—which branches die and fall off. The 
male only makes the singing noise from the bladder under his 
wings. The female has no wind instrument, but an instru- 
ment like a drill or punch, in the centre of her abdomen with 
which she forms the holes to deposit her eggs—the seme in- 
strument also deposits an egg at the instaut the hole is made. 
The punctures, or holes are about an eighth of an inch apart, 
and jn the heart or pith of the branch on its under side. One 
cicada will lay an immense number; by the appearance of 
one fT opened to day each fly is furnished with at least one 
thousand eggs. 
May 27.—I find the following record. “ This day, and for 
two or three days past, the locust, or cicada is beginning to ap- 
pear in vast quantities on the trees and bushes in the woods ; 
they seem yet not to be fully grown, nor very active, but 
