246 Ten Days in Ohio. 



blue clay and sand, in which small pebbles of stone were firmly im- 

 bedded. The cut through the ridge at this summit, presents the 

 most formidable obstacle encountered at any one point on the ca- 

 nal." " From the Licking summit the canal descends southwardly 

 along the valley of Walnut Creek, (a branch of the Scioto), which 

 it crosses from the right to the left bank, ten miles from the summit, 

 on a culvert of fifty feet chord. At Carrol, two hundred and four miles 

 from Cleveland, the Lancaster lateral canal, unites with the main 

 trunk. Three miles below, the canal crosses to the right bank of 

 Walnut, and gradually receding from that stream, it passes over a re- 

 markably level tract of country, which separates Walnut from Big 

 Belly Creek, when it descends into the valley of that stream, about 

 two miles above its junction with the Scioto, and receives the Colum- 

 bus feeder at Lockbarne. Between the Licking summit and the junc- 

 tion, the canal descends two hundred and two feet and four inches, by 

 means of thirty locks. From the point where the Columbus feeder 

 joins the main canal, the canal pursues a southerly course along the 

 valley of the Scioto to the Ohio river ; crossing the Scioto, at Cir- 

 cleville, two hundred and thirty six miles from Cleveland, it contin- 

 ues on its western side to its junction with the Ohio at Portsmouth." 

 "The total descent from Lockbarne, to low water in the Ohio, is two 

 hundred and, eleven feet, which is efiected by means of twenty four 

 locks in a distance of eighty seven miles. The level of low water 

 in the Ohio, at the termination of the canal is four hundred and thir- 

 teen feet lower than that of the Licking summit — four hundred and 

 ninety one lower than the Portage summit — ninety six lower than 

 the level of Lake Erie, ninety eight lower than the level of low wa- 

 ter at the mouth of the Muskingum and four hundred and sixty 

 eight above the level of the ocean." " The main trunks of the Ohio 

 and Miami canals have each a minimum breadth of forty feet at the 

 water line, and twenty six feet at bottom with four feet depth of wa- 

 ter — a large proportion of both, particularly the Ohio canal, is of 

 much larger dimensions, having a breadth at the water line varying 

 from sixty to one hundred and fifty feet, and a depth of from five to 

 twelve feet. In many places it even exceeds these dimensions both 

 in breadth and depth. The walls of the locks are of solid stone ma- 

 sonry with faces of cut stone, laid in regular range work, and the 

 whole wall grouted with lirae mortar. The stone culverts are com- 

 posed of arches, cut in regular segments, and laid in range work, 

 with wing and parapet walls of cut stone. The lift locks on the Ca- 



