250 Professor BucMand's Instructions, fyc. 



The best authorities to be consuhed are engineers, min- 

 ers, masons, well-diggers, and quarry-men: the latter have 

 in the course of their work, constant opportunities of col- 

 lecting what is most valuable, viz. fragments of stone 

 containing in them the petrified remains of animals and 

 vegetables; and it requires no knowledge of geology to ob- 

 tain frora such persons good information and specimens. 



It is desirable to get frora every country specimens of 

 all the varieties of rocks occurring in it ; e. g. of building- 

 stone, free stone, marble, limestone, slate, and all kmds of 

 common rocks and also of every variety of fossil shells, 

 plants, bones and metallic ores, with a list of all the places 

 where similar rocks and similar organic remains are known 

 to exist. 



If several varieties of stone occur in the same cliff or 

 quarry, specimens of each should be taken and numbered 

 according to their order of succession, marking the upper- 

 most No. Land thence descending. The thickness and 

 quality of each bed should be also mentioned, and whether 

 they contain shells, plants, or pebbles in them ; if they do, 

 specimens of each should be collected. 



If the rocks are stratified, i. e. divided into beds, it 

 should be noticed whether they are horizontal or inclined, 

 or contorted. 



If inclined it should be stated at what angle, and towards 

 what point of the compass. 



If contorted, a sketch would be desirable. 



Slight sketches of any sections of strata on the sea-coast, 

 showing their inchnation, and marking the changes that oc- 

 cur in their substance and colour, will be of great value. 



Where there are wells, it will be desirable to get a list of 

 the strata sunk through in digging them, giving the thickness 

 of each from the surface downwards. 



In volcanic districts to get a list of volcanos now in action, 

 and of the craters of volcanos ; stating their position and 

 distance from the nearest town. 



To get a list of all places known to contain coal, bitu- 

 men, salt, alabaster, metallic ores, and precious stones ; 

 specifying their kinds, and to what extent they have been 

 worked. 



In cases of coal-pits, specimens of the coal itself, and of the 

 different strata sunk through to obtain it, especially those which 

 have impressions of plants on them, will be valuable. Also 



