Table of Greek Correlatives^ with Explanations. 341 



demonstrative, yet it is generally weakened into that of a mere arti- 

 cle. — The forms rod-ev and idd-i, are also used as relatives. — w?, al- 

 though placed in this column, is from og, i\, o, used as a demonstra- 

 tive. Comp. Rem. 6. below. 



Rem. 3. Tiie lengthened forms, as Todovxog, roiovtog, TT^lixoviog , ti]~ 

 vixavra, ToauvTdx ig , are more emphatic than the others. 



Rem. 4. Many of the forms in this column are also strengthened or 

 rendered emphatic, by the addition of Se ; as ode, Toa6ade, toioads, rij- 

 liKoads, TrjvLZuds. Add also roioodl, xoiovroal, rrjXvKovroal. 



The III. column is complete. It consists oiinterrogatives, which 

 are a very peculiar class of words. An interrogative sentence is not 

 a full or complete proposition in itself, but is an imperfect proposition 

 or assertion, which is offered to another to complete or fill up. The 

 interrogative element in Greek has three forms ; viz. initial t, which 

 is found alone in the first and seventh series, initial k and n, which 

 are found together in each of the other series, and probably once ex- 

 isted also in the first and seventh series. Of these forms we shall 

 treat separately. — (1.) The oldest of them is x, which is retained in 

 the Ionic dialect, and is found abundantly in the other Indo-European 

 languages. This letter is justly supposed to have a natural appropri- 

 ateness to perform the function of an interrogative. Hence we are 

 not to regard this column as formed from the second column, but as 

 having a coetaneous origin with it. It differs from it not by inflection 

 or derivation ; but, if I may so speak, by correlation. A leading 

 letter of one organ is exchanged for a leading letter of another organ, 

 each having its own natural significancy. — (2.) A second form is ini- 

 tial n, which seems to have usurped the place of »« in all the Greek 

 dialects except the Ionic. As this form has arisen, not by the com- 

 mutation of one letter for another of the same organ, but by the 

 commutation of a letter of one organ for the corresponding letter of 

 another organ, it seems to require some illustration and confirmation. 

 The following are examples of the interchange of k and p : Sansc. 

 ap, Lat. aqua, water ; Sansc. pangtsha, Arab, khams, JEo], ne/jne, 

 Lat. quinque, Welsh pump, Ir. kuig, five ; Gr. enofiai, Lat. sequor ; 

 Gr. r\nao, hat. jecur ; Gr. leirco), Lat. I in quo ; Gr. innog, Lat. equus ; 

 Gr. TTenoj, Lat. coquo ; Gr. nhoqa for riauuga, Lat. quatuor ; Gr. ^vnog, 

 Lat. lupus j Gr. arjxdg, Lat. sepes ; Gr. cncvla, Lat. spolia ; Gr. acpi]- 

 n&g, Lat. vespas ; Oscan pitpit, Lat. quidquid ; Ir. keanri, Welsh 

 pen, the head. There can be no doubt that there is a physiological 

 ground for this change, in the similar state of the organs of speech. — 

 (3.) A third form is initial t, in the first and sevewth series, which 

 seem to be formed from the first column by correlation. That « was 

 even here the original form seems to be shown by the analogous 



