362 Geological Survey of the State of Ohio. 



— at Piketon — at Kilgore's, in Ross county, and at Alderson's — with 

 other lesser and detached works, and can discover in none of them ele- 

 ments of military strength, or evidences of a warlike intention. The 

 principal enclosures are rectangles, or circles, weak figures, without 

 ditches, made weaker by numerous openings, not only in the sides, but 

 at the corners. The subordinate parts of large works, and the small iso- 

 lated ones, sometimes have ditches, but always, as far as I have seen, on 

 the inside, though cases of extensive fossa are said to exist. The main 

 figure always occupies ground accessible on all sides, and no spring, or 

 receptacle of water, is found within the walls. Other equally good reasons 

 might be advanced, why these structures are not adapted, and were not 

 designed, either for attack or defence, under any supposable mode of hu- 

 man warfare. 



" No portion of Ohio appears to be destitute of ancient tumuli and em- 

 bankments ; the object and origin of which are still, in a great measure, 

 mysterious and unknown." pp. 104, 105, 106. 



We are glad that we are about to have an accurate survey, and 

 description of these memorials of a former race. The work of 

 Mr. Atwater, published under the auspices of the Massachusetts 

 Antiquarian Society, is incorrect. 



Appended to this report, is a list of geological queries, as well as 

 a glossary of the principal geological terms, for the benefit of the 

 general reader. 



Remarks in addition to and explanation of the Revieio of the 

 Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio — in a letter to the 

 Editor. 



Columbus, March 23, 1838. 



Dear Sir — ^You inquire whether the bones found at Jackson 

 belonged to the mastodon or elephant ? They do not belong to 

 the mastodon, and yet they differ in some respects from the fossil 

 elephant,) E. primogeneiis.) These differences I will proceed to 

 particularize. 1st. The jaws differ, as will be seen by the fig- 

 ures, which are not remarkably accurate, but sufficiently so for 

 illustration. 



You will perceive by the following sketch, that the jaw A con- 

 verges more than B. In this respect, it approaches the existing 

 species. There is also a remarkable difference in the construction 

 of the canals, a and h. The tusk of the Jackson elephant is cor- 

 nuform, more so than those of the existing elephant, but less so 

 than in the fossil elephant. The E. primogeneiis found near the 

 Arctic ocean, had tusks, which formed nearly a circle. 



