Geology of Antigua, 77 



which issues from them and runs toward the northeast. The 

 superficial area of this deposit is not great. It is an irregular 

 belt, extending from Five Island Division and Dickinson's Bay 

 on the northwest, through the island to English Harbor and 

 Willoughby Bay on the southeast, and separating the calcareous 

 formation on the northeast from the trap on the southwest. 

 This district is much less mountainous than the one which I 

 have just described. The greatest elevation is Monk's Hill, 

 near English Harbor, which I should judge not to exceed five or 

 six hundred feet. The whole formation is distinctly stratified, 

 the strata inclining nearly north at an angle of 15° or 20°. 

 They often crop out on the south in bold and prolonged escarp- 

 ments ; on the north the slopes are more gradual. 



The mineralogical character of this formation, as well as that 

 of the trap, varies exceedingly. As I have already remarked, the 

 rocks contiguous to the trap have been much modified by heat, 

 frequently losing not only their color but even their stratification. 

 The most marked rock in the group is the one, which the trav- 

 eller first strikes in leaving English Harbor on the road to St. 

 John's. It constitutes Monk's Hill. It is of a green aspect ; 

 and, as it is broken up on the roads, very much resembles green 

 earth. When minutely examined, it is found to consist of feld- 

 spar imbedded in green clay. In some places the clay greatly 

 predominates, and gives the rock a homogeneous aspect ; in 

 others-, not only feldspar but fragments of different minerals are 

 cemented by the clayey basis, and the rock assumes the charac- 

 ter of a conglomerate. Extensive beds are found in this forma- 

 tion, "composed of yellow earth instead of green, and containing 

 a foreign substance of a brown color. The coloring matter in 

 both cases is probably iron or manganese. In the vicinity of St. 

 John's, the rocks are more hard and silicious. Near Scot's Hill 

 there is a quarry of a dull, homogeneous aspect, which much re- 

 sembles a yellow free-stone. I also observed, about two miles 

 southeast of St. John's, superficial strata of red sandstone im- 

 perfectly hardened, in which, however, clay much predominates 

 over silex. Indeed, throughout this formation, clay, with few 

 exceptions, is the prevailing constituent. Compared with corres- 

 ponding formations of St. Croix and St. Thomas, these rocks 

 contain much more feldspar — an ingredient, which, indeed, 

 scarcely exists at all at those places ; they have also more of the 



