208 Miscellanies. 



Central France streams of igneous products may be traced from the 

 most ancient volcanic masses of Mont Dore, but in Asia Minor none 

 have been detected which could have flowed from Ak Dagh, or Morad 

 Dagh. In France, also, trachytic eruptions occurred during the de- 

 position of the lacustrine limestone ; but in the Katakekauraene, they 

 appear to have preceded that of the white limestone, or are associated 

 with only its lowest beds. 



"In conclusion, the paper gives a general summary of the geologi- 

 cal phenomena of the country south of the Demirji i-ange. 



" The relative antiquity of the vast lake or sea in which the strata 

 were deposited, cannot be determined, as the micaceous sandstone 

 forming the lowest series of beds is apparently destitute of organic 

 remains, and Mr. Hamilton, therefore, does not attempt to compare 

 that deposit with any European formation. The sandstone, he con- 

 ceives, was accumulated upon an irregular surface of schistose rocks 

 and crystalline limestone, and before the elevation of the Demirji 

 chain. Upon the sandstone were deposited in the north of the district 

 the beds of peperite, derived probably from subaqueous volcanos ; 

 and upon the peperite and the micaceous sandstone, the white lime- 

 stone, which is the highest sedimentary rock. The drainage of the 

 lake, he is opinion, took place during the earliest volcanic eruptions 

 of the Katakekaumene. 



"Three well-defii>ed periods of igneous operations may be traced. 

 The first is marked by the masses of basalt which cap some of the 

 plateaux of white limestone, and were ejected previously to the coun- 

 try assuming its present configuration, and to the formation of the 

 valleys. Mr. Hamilton considers that the basalt flowed under water, 

 and probably but a short time before the drainage of the lake. 



"The second period is characterized by the currents of basalt and 

 lava from the ancient system of volcanos in the Katakekaumene, 

 and was subsequent to the formation of the present valleys, as many 

 of the lava streams may be traced into them. The coulees which 

 flowed towards the Hermus from the crater or Karadevit near Koola, 

 present an inclined plane, the surface of which is not more than 150 or 

 200 feet above the present bed of the river ; but they must, at one pe- 

 riod, have been under water, as the lava is covered with a sediment 

 which filled its crevices and smooths its asperities. 



"The third period would be to the more modern system of cones, 

 the lava of which is as rugged and barren as the recent coulees of Etna 

 and Vesuvius. Of the date of these eruptions, Mr. Hamilton offers no 

 opinion, merely remarking that the craters are mentioned by Strabo, 

 and that there is no tradition of their activity." — Lon. and Ed. Phil. 

 Mag. 



