342 Morton's Crania Americana. 



visions ; subsequently, however, he reduced it to five ; while 

 Blumenbach, adopting the arrangement of Buffon, has changed 

 the names of some of the divisions, and designated, with greater 

 accuracy, their geographical distribution. Cuvier admitted three 

 races only, the Caucasian, Mongolian and Ethiopian ; while 

 Make Brun enumerates sixteen. A French professor, Broc, in 

 his Essai sur les Races Humaines, published in 1836, has at- 

 tempted to establish several sub-genera. The cause of these 

 wide diversities of opinion obviously lies in the imperfect know- 

 ledge yet possessed of the subject. 



Dr. Morton adopts the arrangement of Blumenbach in so far as 

 regards the great divisions, substituting, however, the word race 

 for the term '• variety" of the German author, and changing the 

 order in which Blumenbach considers some of them. He con- 

 siders the human species as consisting of twenty-two families, 

 which he arranges under the heads of the Caucasian, Mongolian, 

 Malay, American, and Ethiopian races. 



I. " The Caucasian Race is characterized by a naturally fair skin, 

 susceptible of every tint; hair fine, long and curling, and of various col- 

 ors. The skull is large and oval, and its anterior portion full and eleva- 

 ted. The face is small in proportion to the head, of an oval form, with 

 well proportioned features. The nasal bones are arched, the chin full, 

 and the teeth vertical. The race is distinguished for the facility with 

 which it attains the highest intellectual endowments." 



The subdivisions of this race are into — 1st. The Caucasian ; 

 2d. The Germanic ; 3d. The Celtic ; 4th. The Arabian ; oth. 

 The Lybian; 6th. The Nilotic, (Egyptian;) and 7th. The /«- 

 dostanic families. 



II. " The Mongolian Race. This is characterized by a sallow or 

 olive colored skin, which appears to be drawn tight over the bones of the 

 face ; long, black, straight hair, and thin beard. The nose is broad and 

 short ; the eyes are small, black, and obliquely placed, and the eye-brows 

 arched and linear ; the lips are turned, the cheek bones broad and flat, 

 and the zygomatic arches salient. The skull is oblong-oval, somewhat 

 flattened at the sides, with a low forehead. In their intellectual charac- 

 ter the Mongolians are ingenious, imitative, and highly susceptible of cul- 

 tivation. 



The subordinate divisions are into — 8th. The Mongol- Tartar ; 

 Oth. The Turkish; 10th. The Chinese ; 11th. 'The Indo-Chi- 

 nese ; and 12th. The Polar families. 



