Mortoii's Crania Americana. 345 



and the two epiderms of the ivhite race, a particular appara- 

 tus, an apparatus which is altogether wanting in the man of 

 the ivhite race, an apparatus composed of two layers, the external 

 of which is the seat of the pigmen turn, or coloring matter of ne- 

 groes."* " The coloring apparatus of the negro is always found 

 in the mulatto." Flourcns adds, " The white race and the black 

 race are then, I repeat, two essentially distinct races. The same 

 is true of the rec/, or American race. Anatomy discovers, under 

 the second epiderm of the individual of the red, copper-colored, 

 Indiati or American race, (for this race is called inditFerently by 

 all these names.) a pigmental apparatus, which is the seat of the 

 7'ed or copper color of this race, as the iiigmerital apparatus of 

 the negro is the scat of his black color." 



Dr. Morton does not advert to the existence of this pigmental 

 apparatus in the American race. The investigations of Dr. 

 McCulloh, he observes, " satisfactorily prove that the designation 

 ' copper-colored.^ is wholly inapplicable to the Americans as a 

 race." " The cinnamon is, in Dr. McCulloh's apprehension, the 

 nearest approach to the true color" of the native Americans. Dr. 

 Morton considers that the '' hroion race'''' most correctly desig- 

 nates them collectively. "Although," says he, " the Americans 

 thus possess a pervaditig and characteristic complexion, there are 

 occasional and very remarkable deviations, including all the tints 

 from a decided white to an unequivocally black skin." He 

 shows, also, by numerous authorities, that " climate exerts a sub- 

 ordinate agency in producing these diversified hues." The tribes 

 which wander along the burning plains of the equinoctial region, 

 have no darker skins than the mountaineers of the temperate 

 zone. "Again, the Puelchts, and other inhabitants of the Ma- 

 gellanic region, beyond the 55th degree of south latitude, are ab- 

 solutely darker than the Abipones, Macobios and Tobas, who are 

 many degrees nearer the equator. While the Botocudys are of a 

 clear brown color, and sometimes nearly white, at no great dis- 

 tance from the tropic ; and moreover, while the Guyacas, tmder 

 the line, are characterized by a fair complexion, th.e Charruas, 

 who are almost black, inhabit the 50th degree of south latitude ; 

 and the yet blacker Californians, are 25 degrees north of the 

 equator." " After all," he adds, " these differences in complex- 



* Annates des Sciences Nat. t. x, Dec. 1838, pp. 361, &c. 

 Vol. xxxviii, No. 2.— Jan .-March, 1840. 44 



