362 



Morton^s Crania AmericancC. 



MEASUREMENTS.* 



Longitudinal diameter, 



Parietal do. 



Frontal do. 



Vertical do. 



Inter-mastoid arch, 



Inter-mastoid line, 



Occipito-frontal arch. 



Horizontal periphery. 



Extreme length of head and face. 



Internal capacity, .... 



Capacity of the anterior chamber, 



Capacity of the posterior chamber. 



Capacity of the coronal region. 



Facial angle, ....... 73 degrees." 



This skull was found by Dr. Ruschenberger, about a mile 

 from the town of Arica, on the south side of the morro^ a ceme- 

 tery of the ancient Peruvians. " The surface is covered with 

 sand an inch or two deep, which being removed discovers a stra- 

 tum of salt, three or four inches in thickness, that spreads all 

 over the hill. The body (to which this head belonged) was 

 placed in a squatting posture, with the knees drawn up and the 

 hands applied to the sides. Tlie whole was enveloped in a 

 coarse, but close fabric, with stripes of red, which has withstood. 



* The measurements are tfiHs described by Dr. Morton. The longitudinal diam- 

 eter is taken from the most prominent part of the os frontis to the occiput ; the 

 parietal diameter from the most distant points of the parietal bones; the frontal 

 diameter from the anterior inferior angles of the parietal bones ; the vertical diame- 

 ter from the fossa, between the condyles of the occipital bone, to the top of the 

 skull ; the inter-mastoid arch is measured with a graduated tape, from the point of 

 one mastoid process to the other, over the external tables of the skull ; the inter- 

 mastoid line is the distance, in a straight line, between the points of the mastoid 

 processes; the occipito-frontal arch is measured by a tape over the surface of the 

 cranium, from the posterior margin of the foramen magnum to the suture, which 

 connects the os frontis with the bones of the nose; the horizontal peripheiij is 

 measured by passing a tape around the cranium so as to touch the os frontis imme- 

 diately above the superciliary ridges, and the most prominent part of the occipital 

 bone ; the length of the head and face is measured from the margin of the upper 

 jaw, to the most distant point of the occiput; the zygomatic diameter is the dis- 

 tance, in a right line, between the most prominent points of the zygoma; the 

 facial angle is ascertained by an instrument of ingenious construction and easy 

 application, invented by Dr. Turnpenny, and described by Dr. Morton. Dr. Mor- 

 ton took nearly all the anatomical measurements with his own hands. 



