212 Dr. Cooper on Volcanoes 
jas St. Fond Volcan’s eteints 169. 187, Humbold. relat. 
d’un voyage I. 90, and in the transl. of his pers. narr. y. 1 p. 
238. Breislak. Inst. de Geol. § 203. Desmarets Mem. 
Ac. Sc. 1771. Pallas’s speech to the Imp. Acad. Petersb. 
1771. Desaussure voy-aux Alpes ch. 5. § 181. Padre 
Torré. Abbe Ordinaire (Dallas’s transl.) on volcanoes p. 
48. Mem. Geol. Soc. Cornwall, p. 48. Bakewell’s Geol. 
72. 
Because, (a) they are frequent in primitive countries, as 
Auvergne, &c. Brieslak. § 203. 585. (6) they are seen to cut 
through Granite ; forcing their way upward; as at Red 
Rock, F. de St. Fond Vole. et. 365 ; and index to the same 
book titles Basalt, and Granite. At Teneriffe, 1 Humb. 
pers. nan. 94, 238. Eng. trans. Ger. de Sonlavie § 409. 
757. 759. 780, who mentions the village of Antraigues built 
on basalt which has forced. up enormous masses of Granite. 
A basalt Dyke ten or twelve feet thick, cutting through the 
chief granite mountain of Arran from bottom to top. The 
basaltic evidences to be sure are premature as yet, but they 
may be borne in mind. (c) Granite is thrown out with lava 
in numberless. instances, even at Vesuvius, Brande’s Jour. 
No. 10, page 29; as by the Gros Morne near the source of 
Trois Rivieres mentioned by Humbold in his personal Nar- 
rative, V. I. p. 235, 240. (d) Many specimens of lava have 
been observed and are found in cabinets, enveloping, and 
enveloped by Granite. 1 Humb, pers. nar. 236. Ger. de 
Sonlavie § 757, 758, 759, 780, &c. &c. Dr. M‘Culloch in 
No. 19, p. 29 of the Journ. of Sciences by Brande, Basalt 
veins in Granite Brande’s Catalogue of Minerals of the Roy. 
Inst. 145, 165. . Wacke vein in the old Granite, at Rocky 
Run, one mile from Columbia, South-Carolina. (e) Cor- 
dier has ascertained that the component parts of Lava and 
of Granite are the same, Felspar, Amphibole, Mica, Py- 
voxene, Peridot, Titaniferous oxyd os Iron, and oligistic, or 
oxydulated Iron. See Cordier’s paper, surles substances dit 
en masse que entrent, dans la composition des roches vol- 
caniques de tous les ages. nse 
Volcanoes are usually situated in the vicinity of the ocean, 
and sometimes sea water breaks into them. (Ree’s Ency. 
Volcano.) Lakes also break into them and fish are ejected 
according to Humbold Pimelodus Cyclopum (H.) It does 
