376 Foreign Literature and Science. 
vomited from the crater soon obscured the region of the 
mountain, and even more distant places. ‘The shocks en- 
creased toward evening, and the stones were carried to 
twice the height of the mountain, which appeared covered 
with torrents of fire. ‘This spectacle became still more 
frightful by an earthquake, which happened in the evening, 
and by a violent hurricane, so that the whole population of 
Banda and of other islands, passed the night in agony, and 
at day break all the ships in the harbour removed from the 
crash. The eruption continued during the whole of the 
12th. The smoke and ashes covered Neira and Louthois, 
as far as the middle of the park of Baganev. ‘The trees 
were almost buried in the sand, and the wells that were not 
covered were filled up. The verdure was burned up, and 
the earth covered with ashes, which in its fall smothered 
many birds and quadrupeds. On the north-west of the 
mountain, a new opening was formed, from which stones is- 
sued as large as the habitations of Banda. According to 
Valentine the mountain burned during five years from the 
eruption of 1690 5 and an old man worthy of faith, asserts 
that the same thing took place from 1765 to 1775. Aniide 
Chime. 
16. There were consumed in the city of Paris, during 
the year 1819—of wine 805,499 hectolitres, (each about 
26% gallons)—of brandy, 43,849—of cider and perry, 
15,919—of beer, 71,896, and of vinegar, 20,756 hectolitres. 
Of beef, 77,298 head—calves, 67,719, and sheep, 329,070. 
The whole number of births in the city were 24,344, of 
whom 8,641 were hors de marriage. Of the whole births 
12,407 were boys, and 11,937 girls. The deaths amounted: 
to 22,671. ‘The number of marriages were 6,236, of which 
5 025 were between young men. and young women—315 
between bachelors and widows671 between widowers and 
‘girls, and 225 between widowers and widows.—An. de 
Chimie. 
17. Steel.— There appears reason to believe, from the ex- 
periments of J. B. Boussingault, of the French School of 
Mines, that silicium or the base of silex, is as essential an ~ 
ingredient as carbon, in the constitution of steel. It is found 
