GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 357 



same, accompanied by drawings, to Dr. "Wilson. The tooth was found in 

 drift sand on a limestone ridge, about seren feet beneath the surface of the 

 ground. It is thought that, by a further exploration, other specimens may be 

 brought to hght ; and -we much regret that, being on the point of leaving for 

 England, we are unable to pay a visit to the locality : more especially as this 

 tooth appears to indicate a species of Mastodon not hitherto discovered in North 

 America, — at least, if the drawings forwarded to us he correct. The Mastodon 

 Ohioticus Blum. (= M. maximus, Cuv. ; giganteus, auct.), the common Iforth 

 American species, belongs to the sub-genus trilophodon of Falconer, in which 

 the crown-ridges of the teeth do not exceed four in number, and only amount to 

 four, indeed, in the last true molar : the other true molars, and the first milk 

 molar, exhibiting three ridges. In the drawings of the Morpeth specimen, the 

 tootli shows five distinct crown-ridges, thus resembling the last true molar of 

 Falconer's Tetralophodon sub-genus. It would be advisable, therefore, to place 

 the tooth in the hands of some competent person, for minute examination. 



PEEMIAN STRATA IN NORTH AMERICA. 



We mentioned in the last number of the Journal (page 261) that Permian 

 strata had recently been discovered in Kansas Territory. In Silliman's Journal 

 for May, an additional notice is given of the occurrence of rocks of the same age 

 in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Orleans. A series of Permian fossils, col- 

 lected from a white limestone of that locality, one thousand feet or more in thick- 

 ness, by Dr. G. G. Schumard, were described by his brother, Dr. B. F. Schumard, 

 in a paper read before the Academy of Sciences, at St. Louis, on the 8th of last 

 March. 



LARGE BOULDERS. 



The gneissoid and other boulders, so abundantly scattered over the drift area of 

 Canada, are not, as a general rule, of very large size. On a recent examination, 

 however, of a supposed outcrop of limestone iu the Township of Albion, 0. W., 

 lot 24, concession 9, a point on the highest ridge between Lake Ontario and Lake 

 Huron, we found the so-called bed of rock to be merely a large boulder of Black- 

 River Limestone, containing amongst some indistinct fossils, a well-preserved 

 specimen of Columnaria alveolata. It was thought that the " rock " might prove 

 to be an outlying patch of the Niagara limestone ; but drift clay and sand with 

 boulders of gneiss and limestone, were seen at lower levels in the same hill ; and 

 the presence in the stone of the characteristic Black River coral, showed at once 

 its true origin. The face of this boulder, on the slope of the hill in which it is 

 imbedded, has been blasted off; and a considerable quantity of lime has been 

 obtained from it. Mr. Murray, in one of his recently published reports, mentions 

 the occurrence of some very large boulders of sandstone or conglomerate in the 

 drift of Goderich, in Canada West. These, it appears, under the belief that they 

 constituted a portion of the solid strata, have actually been quarried, iu one 

 locality, for building purposes. Mr. Murray refers them to the Oriskany Sand- 

 stone, or to the Chemung and Portage group. (See Geological Report in 185o, 

 page 133.) 



HEMATITE PSEUDOMORPHS. 



In a small boulder, consisting of pale red feldspar with numerous grains and 

 rounded crystals of quartz, the writer of these notes detected some small but 



