OF THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. 57 



denly down upon laterally confined plastic clay, with an oblique 

 thrust of two or three thousand foot-tons per linear foot, of which 

 probably one-third, converted into a longitudinal force, acting at some 

 distance, has pushed up the beds of moistened clay upon their edges, 

 and also bent them where the resistance was not great enough to 

 withstand it. This vertical movement of the beds did not reach the 

 opposite side of the river. 



(3) Although landslides do not often exhibit so clearly the two 

 interesting effects just described, smaller ones are everywhere of such 

 frequent occurrence, that observations at Brantford, bearing upon the 

 widening of the valley, are of purely local interest, and scarcely 

 worthy of notice. Whilst the broad valley between the Quaternary 

 bluffs, here, has been slowly produced by atmospheric and river 

 action, it may be noted that there was an enlargement in the Silurian 

 water before the deposition of the Pleistocene deposits, and we find 

 some miles farther down the river, that the valley is much narrower 

 and bounded frequently by limestones and other hard rocks, which 

 were removed from the region of our landslide before the deposition 

 of the Erie clay, which is not nearly so largely developed outside of 

 Tertiary (or older) valleys of this part of the Province of Ontario. 



BURLINGTON BAY AND THE CITY 

 DRAINAGE. 



BY C. S. CHITTENDEN. 



Adjacent to our city, we have a beautiful sheet of water, of 

 which we are all naturally quite proud. When away from home we 

 speak of Burlington Bay as a something which we can boast of, and 

 those who hear us speak of it, sometimes feel a little envious that 

 they have not such a miniature lake as well as we. The long stretch 

 of sandy beach, separating it from the lake, affords a charming drive 

 for pleasure seekers, and at the same time forms a magnificent 

 break-water, protecting yachting and boating parties from the long 

 sweep of the winds and waves of the lake. 



Burlington Bay, Mr. Charlton has told us, was discovered by three 

 Sulpician missionaries, Gallinu, De Cassou and La Salle, in 1667, 



