114 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 



Vavao, Samoa, the Figi Islands, Rotuma, and the New Hebrides. 

 Messrs. Forster and Cook obtained from a native of the Society 

 Islands, a map which has been shown to contain not only the 

 Marquesas and the islands south and east of Tahiti, but the Samoan, 

 Figi, and even more distant groups, and the Hawaiian islanders 

 appear to have had considerable knowledge of navigation. One of 

 the headlands of the Hawaiian Islands bears the name of the 

 Starting Place for Tahiti, the natives having at at a certain season 

 directed their course towards Tahiti by a particular star. 



Now in the face of these instances of other people having under- 

 stood navigation to such an extent, is it not reasonable to suppose 

 that prehistoric man in Europe, particularly those of Britain, had a 

 knowledge of the same mode of locomotion, and that they used this 

 knowledge to aid them in their commercial dealings with each other. 



Although water would naturally present itself to early man as 

 the most convenient mode of locomotion, long journeys by land do 

 not appear to have been by any means uncommon. Amber has 

 been found in Switzerland, and no doubt, found its way there by 

 means of internal trade, or probably by means of periodical journeys 

 by the tribes inhabiting that part of Europe. These periodical 

 journeys were by no means of an infrequent occurrence among the 

 tribes of North America, even down to comparatively modern times. 

 So late as 1859 when Professor Hynd was on the Saskatchewan 

 Chief Shortstick, of the Plain Crees, pointed out to him some mem- 

 bers of his band who had gone to the Rocky Mountains two years 

 before, and had returned with several scalps, grizzly bears' claws, 

 necklaces and pipes. From the articles brought back, it might be 

 inferred that these Indians did not go so far for trading purposes 

 alone, and their trophies were largely obtained in the manner which 

 some writers have styled " compulsory exchange." Men engaged in 

 hunting and whose mode of living was nomadic, would not be likely 

 to be afraid of the hardships of a long journey. Jade has been 

 found in various parts of Europe, indicating either an extensive system 

 of exchanges or long journeys by land or river, the native home of 

 this mineral being in China and Central Asia. 



The various Indian tribes were in the habit of making periodi- 

 cal journeys to the Coteau des prairies for the purpose of obtaining 

 supplies of the red pipestone for which that district, even in early 



