Il6 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 



Peru, Copper among the peoples of the Mississippi and Ohio 

 Valleys, and Stone and Bone with the rest of the Continent. 



I. — EVIDENCES IN EUROPE. 



The earliest race of men, of which we have any record, has 

 been denominated by Archgeologsts as Palseolithic man or men of 

 the Drift period. These men were cave dwellers, and were the 

 contemporaries of the mammoth, woolly haired rhinoceros, cave bear 

 and cave lion. Their remains, which have been found in many of the 

 caves in England, France and Belguim, as well as in other countries 

 in Europe, show them to have occupied the greater part of Central 

 Europe. Paleolithic man was not unacquainted with art, and 

 several of the drawings exhibiting animals singly and in groups, give 

 actual evidences of their imitative and artistic skill. Five skulls 

 have been found showing the cerebral development to be such as 

 will compare favorably with any of the modern savages. The 

 physical characteristics of the skeletons of the Palaeolithic men, 

 show them to have been of large stature and great muscular develop- 

 ment, circumstances which Dr. Dawson attributes " to abundant 

 food, a temperate climate and roving habits in a wild country and 

 without beasts of burden." 



The ornaments of these cave dwellers were of ivory and shell, 

 and their weapons or implements were for the most part, indeed, 

 almost exclusively made of flint. Among the cave men there were 

 weapons of reindeer horn, and a few have been found consisting 

 solely of the lower jaw of the gigantic cave bear, man's most formid- 

 able enemy in that time. Flint was abundant throughout France, 

 England and the Baltic provinces. The implements are of the 

 rudest kind, being simply flakes ot flint chipped from the block 

 without the least sign of their being subjected to any kind of oper- 

 ation to shape them. 



The reindeer were plentiful throughout Europe, and appear to 

 have been the chief article of food with these people. They had a 

 knowledge of fire and while some of the tribes appear to have had a 

 knowledge of the art of making rude pottery, others had not. From 

 this it would appear these tribes were widely apart and had little or 

 no communication with each other. If they had we would hardly 



