230 Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences 



valueless from lack of drainage and the mosquito nuisance, has 

 been redeemed and become residential sections. 



The cost of drainage has been reduced greatly by the intro- 

 duction of digging machines. By hand three men can dig almost 

 600 feet of ditch a day. Two types of spade have been de- 

 veloped, cutting a sod 10 inches wide and 36 deep. With a 

 spading machine, of which a number of patterns have been made, 

 the same force can dig about three times as much. 



