1891.] THE NAGA AND KAREN HILLS AND PERAK. 255 



term Karen Hills is misleading. My high-country specimens are 

 chiefly from Thandaung and the neighbouring hills, from 4000 to 

 5000 feet. The low-country ones chiefly from Peti-chaung 500 to 

 2000 feet. I have made only this diyision, as between 2000 and 

 4000 feet I got only a dozen or so species, chiefly Ypthimas. The 

 high-country Butterflies were nearly all of the Khasia species ; the 

 low country contained some interesting Tenasserim and Malayan 

 forms. We have had to work very hard to secure this small result. 

 Until the last day or two it was the dry-season brood we caught, 

 but most of the Papilios have been flying all the winter, and the 

 Stictophthalma louisa only came out a week ago along with Neope 

 hliima and a few others in the low country only. On the mountains 

 I doubt if the wet-season brood comes out before the middle of May ; 

 we got everything there was out up there. At Thandaung there are 

 four peaks. I lived on one, the others were four miles away forming 

 a triangle a mile apart. Each of my men used to take a peak and 

 stay there all day, and Pambu actually made a platform of boughs 

 on the top of a tree and stood on it all day long like an orang-utan, 

 but we did not any of us catch much. I do not think we averaged 

 till quite lately above twelve specimens per day each, and many of 

 these were useless. 



" There is no virgin forest anywhere on the hills, though about here 

 it is very fine. The Karens, though a civilized and intelligent 

 people (all Baptists west of Thandaung, though the Red Karens are 

 heathen still), still keep up their bad old habit of ' juming.' This 

 is the system of cultivation practised by nearly all the hill men of 

 Indo-Chinese race, and consists in cutting, burning, cultivating, and 

 abandoning fresh tracts of forest every two or three years, so the 

 whole country is a desert of scrub and bamboo. I spent two days 

 going to Lepya gyi, and again up the hill north of Thandaung, about 

 5000 feet I think, but got nothing, though the Thandaung jungle, 

 bad as it looks, is, I imagine, as good as any west of the Salwin river. 

 Thandaung used to be a sanatorium, but was abandoned on account 

 of fever and a certain terrible fly that infests it. Tigers are very 

 abundant, and there is tigers' dung all along the road, on which all 

 my Euthalia taooana were taken. I imagine that this country from 

 Tenasserim to the Lushai Hills will be the great tiger preserve of 

 the future, as except on the plains it is too barren ever to support 

 many people. I must explain that I sent a great many bad speci- 

 mens, as 1 thought there were enough to make an article about, and 

 I think, altogether, of 300 species good and bad. In the Danaidae I 

 got nothing at all uncommon. Esites angularis occurred in the low 

 country along with a rare new species, of which the hind wing is 

 produced more at the middle than at the upper median vein. Of 

 Zethera diademoides only males, which were numerous at 1000 to 

 2000 feet. I see Mr. Holland makes a new genus of it, Euplcemima ; 

 but why not call it Anadebis 1 



" I send a few of both sexes of a TJiaumantis near aliris (pseuda- 

 liris, Butl.). Like the other two species, it mimics when flying a 

 large protected Cicada {Posena melanoptera ?). It swarms in Borneo, 



