1892.] CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS. 239 



Ehamphotheca simple. Supraorbital glands present. 

 Neck without apteria. Aftershafc present. Oil-gland 



tufted. 

 No ectepicondylar process. Aquinto-cubital. 

 Legs short. Hallux small, front toes webbed cr lobated. 

 High patellar -|-epicnemial process. (Unique.) 

 Intestinal convolutions orthocoelous, tjpe II. 

 Caeca functional. 



I. COLYMBI. 



14 or 15 cervical vertebrse. 



11 primaries. 



Hypotarsus enclosing one triangular space. 

 Front toes webbed. 



II. PODICIPEDES. 



17 to 21 cervical vertebrse. 



12 primaries. 

 Hypotarsus complex. 

 Front toes lobated. 



8. SPHENISCIFORMES. 



Antarctic. Marine. Nidicolous. Zoophagous. 

 Schizognatbous. No basipterygoid processes. 

 Rhamphotheca compound. Nares impervious. 

 Large supraorbital glands. Oil-gland tufted. 

 Pterylosis without apteria. Aftershaft present. 

 Remiges and rectrices rudimentary, numerous. 

 Wings transformed into paddles. (Unique.) 

 Metatarsals short, incompletely fused. (Unique.) 

 Hypotarsus simple. Flexors of type II. 

 Coraco-humeral groove shallow. 

 No ectepicondylar process. 

 Procoracoid process rudimentary. 

 Caeca functional. 



I. Sphenisci. 



9. PROCELLARIIFORMES. 



Cosmopolitan. Marine. Nidicolous. Zoophagous. 



Nestlings downy. Downs complex. 



Oil-gland tufted. Aquinto-cubital. 



Neck with lateral apteria. 



Schizognatbous. 



Rhamphotheca compound. Large supraorbital glands. 



Nares impervious, tubular. 



Hallux small or rudimentary. Front toes webbed. 



Hypotarsus complex, or with several grooves. 



Coraco-humeral groove shallow. Ectepicondylar process 



large. 



IT 



