252 DR. H. GADOW ON THE [Mar. 15, 



Downs present in adults, on pterylse and on 



apteria. (Unique among Coraciae.) 

 15 cervical vertebrae. 

 Spina interna absent. 

 Procoracoid process as in Upupidce. 

 Caeca not functional. Tongue rudimentary. 



4. Meropidce. 



Palaeogaean. Insectivorous. 



With dorsal apterium. 



Oil-gland nude. No downs in adults. 



15 cervical vertebrae. 



Left carotid only. 



Spina communis. 



Procoracoids as in Upupidce. 



Caeca functional. 



5. Upupidce. 



Palaeogaean. 



Oil-gland tufted. No aftershaft. 



Spina communis. 



Procoracoid process fused with acrocoracoid, 



forming a foramen. 

 14 or 15 cervical vertebrae. 

 Intestinal convolutions of type VII. 

 No caeca. Tongue rudimentary. 



a. Upupince. Insectivorous. 



With lateral cervical apteria. 



10 primaries. 



14 cervical vertebrae. 

 Flexors of type VII. 



b. Bucerotince. Insectivorous and frugivorous. 



Without lateral apteria. 



1 1 primaries. 



J 4 or 15 cervical vertebrae. 

 Flexors of type V. 



c. Irrisorince. (Anatomy unknown to me.) 



20. PASSERIFORMES. 



Cosmopolitan. Nidicolous, 



Neck with lateral apteria. Quinto-cubital. 



No basipterygoid processes. Holorhinal. 



14 or 15 cervical vertebrae. 



Spina externa long ; spina interna absent. 



Sternum with small notches or foramina. 



Second and third toes always turned forwards. 



Flexors of type I., VI., or VII. 



Hypotarsus complex. 



Intestinal convolutions of type VII. or VIII. 



Caeca not functional, 



