254 DR. H. GADOW ON TflK [Mar. 15, 



2. Menuridce. 



Australian. 



Hallux the strongest toe. Front toes eleuthero- 



dactyle. 

 Flexors of type VII. 

 14 cervical vertebrae. 

 Spina externa forked. 

 Intestinal convolutions of type VII. 

 Di-acro-myodous. 



a. MenurincB. Furcula complete. 



Three pairs of syringeal muscles. 



b. Atrichiincs. Clavicles rudimentary. 



Two pairs of syringeal muscles, 



3. PasseridcB. 



Front toes eleutherodactvle. 



Hallux the strongest toe. 



14 cervical vertebrae. 



Spina externa forked. 



Flexors of type VII. 



Intestinal convolutions of type VIII. 



a. P. oligomyodce. American. 



Mostly mesomyodous, never di-acro-myodous. 



b. P. tracheophoiice. Neotropical. 



Syrinx tracheal. 



c. P. polymyodcE. Cosmopolitan. 



Di-acro-myodous. 



APPENDIX. 



List of the Characters employed in determination of the Affinities of 

 the various Groups of Birds. 



A. Development. 



Condition of young when hatched : whether uidifugous or uidi- 

 colous ; whether naked or downj', or whether passing through a 

 downy stage. 



B. Inteyument. 



Structure and distributii^u of the tirst downs, and where dis- 

 tributed. 



Structure and distribution of the downs in the adult : whether 

 absent, or present on pterylse or on apteria or on both. 



Lateral cervical pterylosis : whether solid or with apteria. 



Dorso-spinal pterylosis : whether solid or with apterium, and 

 whether forked or not. 



Ventral pterylosis : extent of the median apterium. 



Aftershaft : whether present, rudimentary, or absent. 



Number of primary remiges. 



Cubital or secondary remiges : whether quiuto- or aquiuto-cubital. 



Oil-gland : present or absent, uude or tufted. 



