^"92.] CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS. 255 



Rhamphotheca : whether simple or compouud, i. e. consisting of 

 more than two pieces on the upper bill. 



C. Skeleton. 



Palate: Schizo-desmognathous. Nares, whether pervious or imper- 

 vious, i. e. with or without a complete solid naso-ethmoidal septum. 



Basipterygoid processes: whether present, rudimentary, or absent ; 

 and their position. 



Temporal fossa, whether deep or shallow. 



Mandible: os angulare, whether truncated or produced ; long and 

 straight or recurved. 



Number of cervical vertebrae. 



Haemapophyses of cervical and of thoracic vertebrae : occurrence 

 and shape. 



Spina externa and spina interna sterni : occurrence, size, and shape. 



Posterior margin of the sternum, shape of. 



Position of the basal ends of the coracoids : whether separate, 

 touching, or overlapping. 



Procoracoid process : its size and the mode of its combination with 

 acrocoracoid. 



Furcula : shape ; presence or absence of hypocleidium and of 

 interclavicular process. 



Groove on the humerus for the humero-coracoidal ligament : 

 its occurrence and depth. 



Humerus, with or without ectepicondylar process. 



Tibia: with bony or oidy with ligamentous bridge, near its distal 

 tibio-tarsal end, for the long e.xtensor tendons of the toes : occurrence 

 and position of an intercondylar tubercle, in vicinity of the bridge. 



Hypotarsus : formation with reference to the tendons of the long 

 toe-muscles: — (1) simple, if having only one broad groove; (2) 

 complex, if grooved and perforated ; (3) deeply grooved and to 

 what extent, although not perforated. 



Toes : number and position, and connexions. 



D. Muscles. 



Garrod's symbols of thigh-muscles A B X Y, — used, however, in 

 the negative sense. 



Formation of the tendons of the m. flexor perforans digitorum : 

 the number of modifications of which is 8 (J. -VIII.) according to 

 the numbering in Bronn's Vdgel, p. 195, and Fuerbringer, p, 1587. 



E. Si/rinx. 



Tracheal, broncho-tracheal, or bronchial. 



Number and mode of insertion of syringeal muscles. 



F. Carotids. 



If both right and left present, typical : or whether only left 

 present, and the range of the modifications. 



G. Digestive Organs. 



Convolutions of the intestinal canal. Eight types, numbered 

 I.-VIIL, according to Bronn's Foe/ el, p. 708, and P. Z . S. 1889, 

 pp. 303-316. 



18* 



