REVIEWS. 263 



(1) the Chambly Canal ; (2) the Eideau Canal system ; (3) the St. 

 Lawrence Canals ; and (4) the "Welland Canal. The Chambly Canal 

 was constructed to avoid the long stretch of rapids between St. 

 John's and Chambly, which presents between these points a total 

 difference of level of 74 feet ; but viewed in its complete relations, 

 or in connection with the Eiver Eichelieu, Lake Champlain, and 

 the "Whitehall or Champlain Canal of New York, it may be said to 

 unite the waters of the St. Lawrence with those of the Hudson. 

 Although first devised by a private company in 1819, the work was 

 finally constructed by government, its commencement dating from 

 the latter end of 1831^ and its actual completion — a delay having 

 arisen from the exhaustion of the sums allotted for its construction 

 — from November, 1843. The total cost, up to its day of opening, 

 was $480,816. Its length is 11|^ miles ; and it contains nine locks 

 of 124 feet by 24, with a depth of 6 feet on the sills. The Saint 

 Ours loc]^ and dam, on the Eichelieu, 12 miles above Sorel, properly 

 forms part of the Chambly Canal system. This work was finished 

 in 1849, at a cost of $114,554. Its object was to remedy the 

 comparative shallowness of the river, and to increase the supply 

 of water to the canal. In 1863, the canal and lock together seem 

 to have yielded a net revenue of $9,500, or somewhat less than 2 

 per cent, upon the actual cost. To improve the limited capacity of 

 this canal, or to open a more ready communication between the 

 upper St. Lawrence and New York via the Hudson Eiver, several 

 projects have been devised. These comprise : (1) An enlargement 

 of the existing canal with an increased elevation of the dam at 

 Saint Ours to the height of 4 feet, so as to ensure 10 feet of water 

 in the Eichelieii at all seasons: estimated cost, $2,016,080.' — (2) 

 The construction of a canal from Longueuil, immediately opposite 

 Montreal, to St. John's : estimated cost, $3,473,360.— (3) The con- 

 struction of a canal from Caughnawaga, nearly opposite the teminus 

 of the railway at Lachine, to St. John's, with the Champlain level 

 as a summit ; length, 34| miles, with three locks : estimated cost> 

 $3,706,230. — (4) The construction of a canal from Caughnawaga tO; 

 St. John's, supplied by a navigable feeder from the St. Lawrence ; 

 length 25i miles, with eight locks: estimated cost, $4,267,890. — (5) 

 The construction of a branch in connexion with the existing Beau- 

 harnois Canal, running from Beauharnois to St. John's, 37' 66 miles, 

 and descending to the Champlain Canal by three locks : estimated 



