10 ME. B. T. WATSON ON THE HESPERIIDiE. [Jan. 17, 



fore wing is nearer to 4 than to 6, with the exception of those noted 

 above. When in a complete state of repose all the species of this 

 group rest with their wings raised above tlieir backs ; but wben only 

 sunning themselves, in many species the fore wings are elevated 

 and the hind wings depressed. The cell of the fore wing is almost 

 invariably less than two-thirds the length of the costa, and the 

 antennae almost invariably end in a fine point. 



Subfamily I. Pyrrhopygin.e. 



Antennae: club very thick, ending in a blunt point, usually more 

 or less bent into a hook. Palpi : second joint densely scaled, closely 

 pressed against the face ; third joint naked, minute. Cell of fore 

 wing always more than two-thirds the length of costa. No costal 

 fold or other secondary sexual characters on fore wing of male. 

 Vein 5 of fore wing nearer to 4 than to 6. Vein 5 of hind wing 

 usually wanting. Hind tibiae usually with two pairs of spurs. 



The thick blunt club to the antenna; will at once distinguish this 

 subfamily : a iew of the lower genera of Hesperiinte and some Aus- 

 tralian PamphilirKB have a somewhat similar club ; but in them the 

 cell of fore wing is invariably less than two-thirds the length of 

 costa. 



This subfamily exactly coincides with the Pyrrhopygini of 

 Mabille, which he places as a section of his Hesperidi ; however, 

 its characteristics are so well marked that it has here been treated 

 as a subfamily of equal value with the Hesperiince and PamphiliiKe, 

 Little or nothing is known of the early stages of this subfamily, 

 but the perfect insect seems in many wavs to have affinities to both 

 HesperibicE and Pamphilince, and its correct position is a matter of 

 some doubt. According to Westwood and Hewitson, the perfect 

 insect rests with its wings extended horizontally. 



The whole group would also appear to be protected, as a large 

 number of the species are mimicked very markedly by Erycides and 

 its allies and also by some species of Pamphilina. 



This subfamily is confined entirely to South and Central America. 



Synopsis of Genera of PYRRHOPVGiNiE. 



A. Middle and luwer discocellulars of fore wing very oblique. 

 a. Club of antenuie niueli tliickened. 

 (('. Vein 5 of hiud wing wanting. 



a'-. Vein 3 of fore wing less than twice as far from 2 as from 4. 

 a''. Vein 3 of hind wing from before end of cell. 



Pykruopyge. Hb. Tyjie, hyperici, Hb. (1 ) 

 i-'. Vein 3 of hind wing from beyond end of cell. 



Mysoiiia, g. u. Type, acastus, Cramer. (2) 

 If'. Vein 3 of fore wing more than twice a.-; far from 2 as from 4. 

 a^. Vein 3 of hind wing from before end of cell. 



Yangina, g. u. Type, spaiiosa, Hew. (4) 

 b-"-. Vein 3 of hind wing from end of cell. 



(('. Cell of hind wing short, not reaching half across wing. 



Mlmosiai>es, lib. Type, ijihinous, Latr. (9) 



