1893.] ON THE BEAIjS of the AFRICAN ELEPHANT. 311 



Plate XXI. 



Pig. 1. Nipteria clytia, p. 302. 



2. Heterusia camata, p. 304. 



3. conna, p. 305. 



4. conon, p. 307. 



5. 6. Heterusia placida, p. 305. 



7. Heterusia coinana, p. 305. 



8, 9. Heterusia firene, p. 306, 



Fig. 12, 13 c? , 14 ? . Heterusia 

 jainara, p. 307. 

 15. Troehiodes plagia, p. 308. 

 16, 17. creusa, p. 309. 



18. polymela,^.2>Q^. 



19, 20. cormasa, p. 309. 



21. coniades, p. 309. 



10, 11. placilla, p. 307. t 22. (?)])latcBa, p. 310. 



2. On the Brain of the African Elephant. By Frank E. 

 BeddarDj M.A.J F.R.S., Prosector to the Society. 



[Received February 28, 1893.] 



(Plates XXn. & XXIII.) 



So far as I am aware the only existing figures and description 

 of the brain of this animal are to be found in a paper upon the 

 Carnivorous brain by Dr. Krueg\ Sir W. Turner, in his account 

 of the Mammalian brain in general, refers'" only to this source of 

 information. Indeed, the opportunities of dissecting the African 

 Elephant at all have been very few. Mr. \V. A. Forbes, in 1879^, 

 could enumerate only five observers who had pubhshed accounts 

 of the viscera of that animal. I am glad, therefore, to be able to 

 ofEer to the Society a contribution towards a more complete know- 

 ledge of the anatomy of Eleplias africanus in the description of its 

 brain which I proceed to give. The brain which I propose to 

 describe is that of a young male which died in the Society's Gardens 

 on January 15th of the present year. The size of the brain 

 unfortunately prevented its being kept entire for the purposes of 

 a museum specimen ; it was soon found necessary to cut the brain 

 into four pieces ; the hemispheres were separated by a lougitudinal 

 cut, and the cerebellum was also divided longitudinally into two 

 halves. When this was done the interior of the brain was found 

 to be in a rather inferior state of preservation. Later on it became 

 harder. As, however, the superficial part of the brain has kept 

 well, I am able to deal satisfactorily enough with the convolutions 

 of the hemispheres and \\dth the cerebellum ; that is, of course, 

 with regard to the distribution and development of the furrows. 

 Krueg's figures'* of the brain are merely meant to illustrate those 

 fissures which bear an importance, according to his views, through 

 the entire series, the remaining fissures being indicated by dotted 

 lines. Three views are given by Krueg of the brains of both Asiatic 



^ " TJeber die Furchen auf der Grosshirnrinde der zonoplacentalen Saiige- 

 thiere," Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxxiii. p. 652. 



'■^ " Tlae Convolutions of the Brain ; a Study in Comparative Anatomy," Joum . 

 Anat & Pbys, xxv. p. 105. 



^ " On the Anatomy of the African Elephant (Elephas africamcs, Blum.)." 

 P. Z. S. 1879, p. 4-20. 



* On pi. x3txviii. of bis memoir. 



