26 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 
1st. Because it is most beneficial. We have seen that it is one 
of the possibilities of the novel to be the best means of extending 
our knowledge of life beyond the bounds of our personal experience. 
To dothis the novel must give us the inner life, because the know- 
ledge of that life is most important, and it must present that life truly 
or else we will gain no knowledge at all, but will be led aside into error. 
The novel I have defined is able to supplement our experience and 
so enable us to have an acquaintance with the principal facts of life, 
after we get which it is an easy matterfor us to infer and deduct until 
we get rules of conduct, of motive, and of thought. Iam not 
advocating the novel that preaches or has a moral at the end. 
Any amateur in dialectics can draw conclusions, but it takes a 
trained scientist to establish the premises, to discover the real facts 
and laws ; and this is nowhere so true as in the science of life. 
It is another possibility of the novel to be more effective than 
any other agency in creating a sympathy and an understanding 
between man and man, and between class and class. To do this it 
is very evident that the men and classes must be represented as 
they are. How much do you think it would aid in bringing about the 
result if we found in our novels nothing truer to life than the 
peasants in opera, those “lyric rustics” in their elegant attire? 
How much do you think it would aid in bringing about this result if 
we found in our novels nothing truer to life than the peasants 
in poetry, who are always “jocund as they drive their teams afield,” 
who are always cheerful and smiling in harvest, who sing serenades 
and make bashful love? How much of the misunderstanding that 
now exists do you think is due to this poetic falsification, which 
calls out our sympathy for idyllic shepherds and idyllic plowmen that 
have no counterparts in nature. And to bring about this sympathy 
and understanding we must find in the novel more than we can see 
about us every day. We can see the difference in dress, we can 
see the difference between a mansion and a cottage, we can see the 
difference in manners, we can hear the difference in speech. These, 
as I have before said, are the things that mark the separation. We 
want to-know the things that mark the brotherhood. These are 
found in the thoughts, the feelings, the aspirations, the resolves, the 
temptations, the conflicts. We must be shown the force of circum- 
stances and all other shaping forces that have brought about the 
difference that remains after we have discovered the essential 
