88 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 
point of view, but it would be exactly right in 1 the eyes of the profes- 
sional horticulturist. 
It would obviously be absurd for me to attempt to cover in a 
paper like this even a general survey of the ground so well gone over 
by Professor Saunders, I shall only attempt to give you some idea of 
the more well-known injurious insects which just now are great 
obstacles in the way of success in making the garden and orchard 
profitable throughout the fair Province of Ontario. 
At the very head of our enemies in the insect-world is the 
Codling Moth, (Carpocapsa pomonella). Like other insects, it is 
increasing with the increasing supply of apples for it to feed upon, 
until of late years it has threatened the total destruction of our apple 
crops. A few years ago, before the practice of spraying with arsenites 
came into use, the pest became so serious that one-third of the crop 
had to be thrown out as seconds, purely on account of its ravages. 
If these insects were content to feed upon the poorest of the fruit we 
would not grumble, as they would do us a good turn by thinning 
out our fruit, but, unfortunately, they choose the fairest and best, 
thus directly robbing us of our hard-earned profits. 
Many and very ingenious devices have been tried to keep these 
insects under control, as, for instance, trapping the moths with bottles 
of sweetened water ; by twisting hay bands about the trunks of the 
trees, into which the larve would crawl to pupate, and then wringing 
these bands through a wringer to destroy the cocoons; by keeping 
sheep and pigs in the orchard to eat the infested fruit, worms and all, 
as it falls to the ground, but every one of these devices has served 
only to check, not rid us of the evil. 
Can the fruit growers be blamed then because, when the use of 
arsenites sprayed on the trees and fruit was found to be a success, 
they adopted it almost universally. I speak of this because objection 
has been made on scientific grounds to the use of arsenites, since by 
the use of them not only the injurious, but also the useful insects are 
often destroyed, and, among the latter, many parasites whose 
friendly office might in the end keep these enemies in check without 
the expense and trouble of applying poisons. The true principle, 
they say, is to favor the increase of these parasites and introduce other 
insect friends and thus cope with our foes in a manner which can be 
approved of on scientific grounds. 
