THE HAMILTON ASSOCIATION. gI 
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wash may be made of common lye and water, which, if ap- 
plied during the first week of June when the young insects are 
first hatched out and are in their most tender stage, will, in most 
cases, answer every purpose. If concentrated lye is used a pound 
should be diluted in a barrel of water. 
Among the newer enemies which the fruit growers have to meet 
are the Pear Tree Psylla and the Raspberry Gall Fly, and of these we 
give a brief notice. 
Pear Tree Psylla.—The Pear Tree Psylla bids fair to become 
one of the most troublesome enemies in fruit growing which has yet 
appeared. Asif it were not enough to discourage pear growers that 
the blight so often destroys their finest trees and the Curculio and 
Scab ruin their finest fruit, this tiny insect must appear, emigrating from 
Europe, and completely wreck their bright hopes of success. Only 
so recently as 1891 was this insect noticed as a formidable enemy, 
and pear growers in various parts of the Eastern States lost thouands 
of dollars worth of fruit and many valuable trees through its ravages. 
A very excellent bulletin by Professor Slingerland, of the 
Cornell Experiment Station, devoted to this insect, has been 
published, from which’ we gather much of the accompanying in- 
formation, in advance of its ravages ; for there is little doubt that 
Canadian pear orchards will be visited by it during the coming spring. 
Already New York State has suffered severely. Mr. H. 
Wright’s orchard, near Ithaca, N. Y., promised in 1891, 600 bushels 
of fruit, but less than fifty bushes matured, and but a few trees made 
any growth. Mr. G. T. Powell, of Ghent, N. Y., a prominent fruit 
grower, stated that the insects reduced his pear crop that year from 
an estimated yield of 1,200 barrels to an actual yield of less than 
100 barrels of marketable fruit. Besides this the trees in the 
orchard had a stunted appearance, no doubt owing to the attacks 
of this pest. 
The Pear Tree Psylla was first introduced into this country from 
Europe in 1832, by Dr, Plumb, of Salisbury, Conn. The year after 
he first noticed it, and during the next five years, he lost several 
hundred trees by its ravages. | From various reports it appears that 
the pest has already reached the Mississippi Valley in its progress. 
The severe outbreak of 1891 proves that in New York State, at least, 
it has become so numerous that it only requires favorable opportun- 
ity to do an exceeding great amount of damage. 
