104 Geological Society of London. 
searches when thus isolated from the scientific world is truly admira- 
ble. Dr. Royle bas permitted me to read a part of their correspon- 
dence with him when they were exploring the Siwalik mountains, 
and I can bear witness to their extraordinary energy and perseverance. 
From time to time they earnestly requested that Cuvier’s works on 
osteology might be sent out to them, and expressed their disappoint- 
ment when, from various accidents, these volumes failed to arrive. 
The delay perhaps was fortunate, for being thrown entirely upon 
their own resources, they soon found a museum of comparative anat- 
omy in the surrounding plains, hills, and jungles, where they slew the 
wild tigers, buffalos, antelopes, and other Indian quadrupeds, of which 
they preserved the skeletons, besides obtaining specimens of all the 
genera of reptiles which inhabited that region. They were com- 
pelled to see and to think for themselves while comparing and dis- 
criminating the different recent and fossil bones, and reasoning on the 
laws of comparative osteology, till at length they were fully pre- 
pared to appreciate the lessons which they were taught by the works 
of Cuvier. In the course of their labors they have ascertained the 
existence of the elephant, mastodon, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, OX, 
buffalo, elk, antelope, deer, and other herbivorous genera, besides 
several canine and feline carnivora. On some of these Dr. Falconer 
and Captain Cautley have each written separate and independent me- 
moirs. Captain Cautley for example, is the author of an article in the 
Journal of the Asiatic Society, in which he shows that two of the 
species of mastodon described by Mr. Cliff are, in fact, one ; the sup- 
posed difference in character having been drawn from te teeth of 
the young and adult of the same species. I ought, to remind you 
that this same gentleman was the discoverer in 1833 of the Indian 
Herculaneum or buried town near Behat, north of Seharunpore, 
which he found seventeen feet below the surface of the country 
when directing the excavation of the Doab Canal.* 
But I ought more particularly to invite your attention to the joint 
paper by Dr. Falconer and Captain Cautley on the Sivatherium, a 
new and extraordinary species of mammalia, which they have mi-. 
nutely described and figured, offering at the same time many profound 
speculations on its probable anatomical relations. The characters 
of this genus are drawn from a head almost complete, found at first 
enveloped in a mass of hard stone, which had lain as a boulder in a 
* Journ. of Asiatic Society, Nos. xxv. and xxix. 1834. Principles of Geology, 
4th and subsequent editions. See Index, Behat. 
