Queries by the Geologists of the Survey of New York. 127 
10. Is the water sparkling like bottled beer ; and does air bubble 
up from the fountain ? Na 
11. Is there a reddish or yellowish deposit where the waters flow 
off, or in the adjacent meadows, or ponds, or is there a similar oily 
scum on the water ? 
12. Do sticks, mosses, leaves, &c. become incrusted with a hard 
stony coat, or is there a gray or yellowish rock forming near the 
spring, by a deposit from its water ? 
13. Has the water been used in the cure of any diseases? 
14. Is the spring copious? 
15. Do large springs burst from the earth ? 
16. What is the temperature of springs? 
Salt Marshes. 
1. Have the salt marshes in your neighborhood remained un- 
changed during the observation of the old inhabitants ? 
2. If they have risen in level, to what cause do you attribute it? 
to animal or vegetable decomposition, or to both, to drift sand, min- 
eral springs, &c., wash of the sea, wash of the adjacent hills, or all 
these ? 
3. If they have sunk below their former level, did it happen 
gradually, or suddenly ? 
4. If the latter, was it at the time of any extraordinary natural 
phenomenon ? 
5. Of what materials are your meadows composed ? 
6. Are they covered with moss and cranberries? 
7. Can they be made to tremble by walking or jumping on them ? 
8. Have they changed in the amount of surface that can be 
mowed, within the period of a life? 
9. Are there any evidences or traditions that they were once 
larger or smaller than they are at present? 
Submarine Forests. 
1. Have trees, stumps, or logs been seen standing in the water on 
any part of the coast of Long Island, or of the adjacent coasts or 
islands ? 
2. Where have they been seen, and in what depth of water? 
3. Is the time of the subsidence of this land known? 
4. To what cause do you attribute it? 
5. Is there any tradition concerning it? 
