156 Report on the Geological Survey of Connecticut. 
Magnetic iron is found also at Judson’s quarry, Newtown—in 
Winchester, &c. 
Magnetic iron sand is found on the sea board, ee New Haven 
quite to Stonington Point, and even beyond, upon the Rhode Island 
coast. It is derived from the rocks that border the Sound, and at 
Seldon’s Point, in Hadlyme, it is found in place in granite, consti~ 
tuting sometimes one-fourth or one-third part of the rock. 
Hematite in all its varieties, and bog iron ore, are found in many 
parts of the State. They contain: from one-half to four-fifths their 
weight of peroxide of iron. . 
“The fibrous brown hematite, compact hematite, and the ochrey 
mixtures of the two, are generally confined to primitive rocks, as 
gneiss and mica-slate.. They afford materials for very large iron- 
works in many countries, and are universally regarded as the best 
ores for yielding a malleable iron, and for being easily converted 
into steel. Although these ores (which may be referred to under 
the general name of hematite) are confined to a limited district of the 
State, they nevertheless appear to constitute its richest metallic re- 
source. The towns in which they exist are Salisbury, Sharon, and 
Kent; and the principal deposits hitherto explored, are those of the 
‘© Ore-hill,”? Salisbury,—the Indian pond ore-bed, Sharon,—and the 
Kent ore-bed. The two first form beds in mica-slate; the last in a 
micaceous gneiss and quartz-rock. At Sharon and Salisbury, the 
ore is disposed in vast beds with a stratification every where obvious, 
and perfectly conformable to that of the adjoining mica-slate. It is 
moreover, free from secondary aggregates. At Kent on the con- 
trary, the order of arrangement is less visible in the bed, which at 
first view appears to be a confused accumulation of broken, decom- 
posing (and in some instances re-cemented) rock, at the foot of a 
high ledge. 
‘‘ The Ore-hill mine of Salisbury, is by far the most important of 
these deposits. It is situated about two miles west of the Furnace- 
pond, and covers an area of several acres, forming the southeastern 
slope of a slight elevation of land. Itis worked like a quarry, open 
to the sky. The entire surface of the slope is destitute of vegeta- 
tion, and every where excavated by diggings and pits.” 
The ore is reduced in high furnaces, and yields on an average 
from forty to fifty per cent. of pig-iron. ‘This is principally con- 
verted into bar-iron at the furnaces where produced, or at the forges 
in Winsted and Canaan, and is there manufactured into bar-iron for 
