1897.] BUTTEEriilES or the genus TEEACOIUS. 9 



and further west it has been recorded from Afghanistan, Asia 

 Minor, and the Sinai Peninsula. 



8. Teeacolus pultius. 



Idmais fulvict, Wallace, Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 392, pi. ix. fig. 5 

 (1867). 



Teracolus tripuncta, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 149, pi. xv. fig. 4 

 (1880). 



Teracolus sut-ya, Moore, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Hi. p. 45 (1885). 



Teracolus palliseri, Butler, Ann. Mag. jSi. H. (6) i. p. 418 (1888). 



This is the Southern representative of T.faustus, being recorded 

 from Khandesh and Ganjam, on the west and east coast of India, 

 and occurs from there southward to Ceylon. 



9. Teeacolus Calais. 



Papilio Calais, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pi. 53. C & D (1782). 



Pontia di/uamene, Klug, Svmb. Pbys., Ins. pi. vi. figs 17 «fc 18 

 (1829). 



Teracolus carnifer, Butl. Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 138, pi. vii. figs 8 & 9 

 (1876). 



This is a wide-ranging but comparatively stable species. The 

 only locality in Extra-Tropical South Africa from which it has 

 been recorded is Delagoa Bay. Prom there it ranges north along 

 the Eastern Httoral (including Madagascar), but does not appear 

 to become plentiful till near the Equator, whence it continues 

 through Somaliland, Abyssinia, and Arabia, into jSTorth-western 

 India ; on the west side of Africa, it has been recorded from the 

 Congo. It appears to me impossible to separate T. dynamene, 

 Klug, from T. calais. The lighter-coloured typical form seems to 

 predominate in Africa and T. dynamene in India, but the latter is 

 also common in Equatorial East Africa. In Arabia both forms 

 occur, and there is in the British Museum a female T. Calais from 

 Aden which is noted as having been taken in copula with a 

 male T. dynamene. T. carnifer, Butler, from Karachi (November), 

 is clearly a dry-season form of this species, the bright green of 

 the underside being modified into a sandy pinkish. In January 

 1896 I took a white female of this species at Beira, 



10. Teeacolus amatus. 



Papilio amata, Pabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 476 (1775). 



Papilio cyprcea, Pabricius, Mant. Ins. ii. p. 22 (1787). 



Teracolus modestus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 137 (1876). 



Teracolus kennedii, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 440 (1884). 



This species is nothing more than a local race of the preceding, but 

 as the distinctions appear fairly constant and the two forms do 

 not merge too much into one another, I prefer to keep them apart. 

 T. amatus therefore represents T. calais in Central and Southern 

 India and Ceylon. T.l-ennedii is identical with T. amatus; and I 

 cannot accord specific rank to T. modestus, which is only a rather 



