1897.] BIJ'ITEEFLIES OP THE GENUS TEKACOLTJS. 23 



Teracolus pseudacaste, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 156, pi. vi. 

 fig, 11 (1876). 



Teracolus clirus, Butler, ibid. p. 157, pi. vii. fig. 11 (1876). 



Teracolus dulcis, Butler, ibid. p. 157, pi. vii. fig. 13 (1876). 



Teracolus eboreoides, Butler, ibid. p. 158, pi. vii. fig. 12 (1876). 



Teracolus phcenius, Butler, Ann. Mag. N. H. (4) xviii. p. 488 

 (1876). 



Teracolus miles, Butler, ibid. (5) xii. p. 105 (1883). 



Teracolus immaculatus, Swinhoe, Proc. Zoo). Soc. p. 443 (1884). 



Teracolus subroseus, Swinhoe, ibid. p. 443, pi. xl. figs. 6 & 7 

 (1884). 



Callosune alberta, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) v. p. 356 

 (1890). 



Teracolus liildebrandti $ , Butler {nee Stand.), Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 p. 735 (1895). 



After a very careful examination of the fine series of this group 

 in the British Museum, which contains practically all Butler's and 

 Swinhoe's types, I find it impossible to regard any of the above 

 mentioned forms as specifically distinct from T. eupompe (King). 

 Capt. E. T. Watson has shown that the Indian forms are insepa- 

 rable, and he even sinks them all as synonymous with T. danae 

 (Fab.). He may be right in this latter course, but I hardly feel 

 justified in following him at present ; and I prefer to regard 

 T. eupompe as a distinct, though highly variable species, which 

 ranges from Central Africa through Arabia into N.W. India. 

 The numerous species created by Pelder, Swinhoe, and Butler are 

 chiefly based on the relative development of all the black markings 

 and the colour of the underside of secondaries ; but as these ai-e 

 highly variable seasonal characters, it is clear that they are useless 

 for differentiating species. 



In Anthopsyche anteupompe, Peld., from Abyssinia, the White 

 Nile, and Senegal, the black markings above are well developed, 

 but the discal spots on underside of hind wings are obsolete ; 

 T. immaculatus, Swinh., from Fao and Karachi, is inseparable 

 from this form. The underside spots show a gradually stronger 

 development through typical T. eupompe (Klug) { = dulcis, Butl., 

 fi'om Karachi) and T. pseudacaste, Butl., from the White Nile, 

 Wadelai, and Kilimanjaro (=dirus, Butl., and eboreoides, Butl., 

 from Karachi), culminating in T. phcenius, Butl., and T. miles, 

 Butl., which are recorded from Abyssinia southward to Kilimanjaro. 

 Towards the arid deserts of Somalilaud this species becomes dwarfed 

 and under-coloured, and there we get the Antho psyche theopompe 

 and dedecora of Pelder. T. alberta and subroseus are dry-season 

 forms with pinkish undersides — the former being based on large 

 fully developed examples, and the latter on more or less dwarfed 

 specimens. The well-marked summer specimens show a tendency 

 to the blackening of the nervules on the underside of hind wings : 

 this is carried to a greater extent than usual in a black-and-white 

 female in the British Museum, from Uganda, which has been 

 erroneously attributed to T, hildebrandti, Stand., by Mr. Butler. 



