40 MR. K. LYDEKKER ON THE [Jail. 10, 



Cervus manichuncus, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 169, 1865, p. 1 ; 

 P. L. Sclater, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. vii. p. 344, pis. xxxi., xxxii. 

 (1871); Brooke, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 968 ; P. L. Sclater, List Anim. 

 Zool. Gardens, p. 163 (1883). 



Pseucla.ris mantchuricct, Gray, Cat. Bum. Mamm. Brit. Mr.s. 

 p. 72 (1872) ; Hand-list Eumiiiants Brit. Mus. p. 141 (1873). 



Cervtis kojJscM, Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 574 ; Brooke, ibid. 

 1878, p. 909. 



Cervvs ilyhowsln, Taczanowski, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 123 ; Brooke, 

 ibid. 1878, p. 909 ; nee W. L. Sclater, Jouru. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 

 vol. Iviii. p. 186, pi. xi. (1889), and Cat. Mamm. lud. Mns. pt. ii. 

 p. 182 (1891). 



Hah. Manchuria (Upper Ussuri), Kiangse, and Newchwang, 

 China. 



The name C. sica was originally given to the small Deer of 

 Japan, which usually stand about 2 feet 8 inches at the shoulder, 

 and — although profusely spotted on the body vdih white in 

 summer — turn a uniform blackish-brown in winter. Generally 

 all traces of spots disappear at the latter season, although, as 

 noticed by Mr. Sclater in his monogi'aph in the Society's 'Transac- 

 tions,' faint indications of them may sometimes be observed. 

 C. euopis of Swinhoe, from North China, appears, as mentioned 

 by Brooke, " to differ in no appreciable external characters from 

 ordinary specimens of C. sica." This form is included in 

 Mr. Sclater's " List" (1883) under the latter species ; although it 

 is remarkable that both in that " List " and the one just issued 

 the habitat of C. sica is given as " Japan " only. Specimens 

 at Woburn which probably came from China are indistinguishable 

 from the typical form, which may accordingly be regarded as 

 common to Japan and the mainland. 



Other examples at Woburn, which likewise probably came from 

 China — although some may be Japanese — are considerably larger 

 than the typical form, and thus lead on to the variety manclinricus. 

 One of them is a very dark-coloured doe, which retains distinct 

 ti-aces of spots on the hind-quarters in the \\-inter coat, and so 

 resembles the still larger so-called dyhoicsldi. 



It would seem that intermediate forms also occur in Japan, for 

 Sir V. Brooke ' wrote as follows : — " The Society has within the 

 last few years received living specimens of a Pseuclams from 

 Japan, which are intermediate in size between P. silca and P. 

 mantchuricus. These have, in my opinion, with excellent judg- 

 ment, been labelled by the Secretary as Cervus mantchuricus minor. 

 I think it probable that, when a larger series of Pseudaxine Deer 

 are brought together, it will be found impossible to separate them 

 into definite species, but that it will be found necessary to regard 

 them as one species of wide geographical range, endowed w ith a 

 constitution sufficiently elastic to enable it to support very varied 

 conditions." 



^ P. Z. S. 1878, p. 909. 



