1 897.] iiTOLOGY or the terrestrial carmvora. 377 



paroccipital process and often from the contiguous paramastoid 

 and bulla tympani ; it is inserted into the body of the lower jaw 

 midway between the angle and symphysis (see fig. 4, p, 378). It 

 has no connexion with the hyoid bone, and the only evidence of 

 a separation into two bellies is a feeble line of tendon about the 

 middle, which is quite superficial and does not extend into the 

 interior of the muscle. In some cases, e. g. Civetta (12), Genetta 

 (18), Ursus (52), Nasua (60), and Ictonyx (70), no tendinous 

 intersection ac all was noticed. In spite of its appearance the 

 anterior part of the muscle is supplied by the mylo-hyoid, and the 

 posterior by the facial nerve. 



Mylo-hyoid. — The mylo-hyoid has the same attachments as in 

 Man (see fig. 4, p. 378). It usually extends as far forwards as 

 the symphysis menti, but in Canis (31), Hycena striata (28), and 

 H. crocuta (29) it ends anteriorly in an angle, the convexity of 

 which is towards, but does not reach the symphysis. In Procyon 

 loior (53) the arrangement is the same as in the Canidse and 

 Hysenidae, but Nasua rufa (60) agrees with the rest of the 

 Carnivora in this respect. 



Genio-hyoid and Genio-hyoglossiis. — Nothing remarkable was 

 noticed about these muscles. They have the usual human attach- 

 ments. 



Stylo-hyoid. — The typical carnivorous stylo-hyoid seems to 

 consist of two parts, superficial and deep : the former is a small 

 slip which rises from near the root of the paroccipital process and 

 passes over the digastric, to reach the hyoid bone ; the latter rises 

 deep to the origin of the digastric and is usually inserted into the 

 epihyal element of the hyoid arch, it is sometimes spoken of as 

 the masto-hyoid (see fig. 4, p. 378). This arrangement was noticed 

 in F. catus (7), Genetta (17, 18), Herpestes (24), Cryptoprocta (10), 

 Canis (39), and Gereoleptes (61). 



In the Mustelidse the superficial part was not seen, but unless 

 looked for it may easily escape notice, and this is also the case 

 with the deep part. 



It is possible that the human arrangement of the stylo-hyoid, 

 in which the digastric tendon passes through it, may be explained 

 by looking upon the human muscle as a combination of the stylo- 

 hyoid and masto-hyoid of the Carnivora. 



Styloglossus. — This is always present and is by far the best 

 developed of all the styloid muscles in Carnivora ; it rises from the 

 stylo- or epi-hyal elements of the hyoid arch, and passes to the 

 superficial side of the hyoglossus as in Man (see fig. 4, p. 378). 



Cerato-hyoid. — This muscle is described by Straus-Durckheim 

 in the Cat (II.) and by Alix in the Polecat (XXX.) ; it passes 

 from the thyro-hyal to the cerato-hyal elements of the hyoid 

 apparatus. We have failed to notice it in any of the animals 

 which we have dissected, while in Genetta (18) and Herpestes (24) 

 we specially looked for it without success. 



Stylo-pharyngeus. — The stylo-pharyngeus is always present 

 though small ; it rises from the deep surface of the stylo-hyal and 

 passes to the pharynx. 



Peoc. Zooi. Soc— 1897, No. XXV. 25 



