1897.] MTOLOOT or the terrestrial carxivoba. 379 



posterior third oi' the neck in Ursus mariiimus (45), in two 

 specimens of U. amerkamisJ^bO, 52), in Procyon lotor (53), in four 

 specimens of Lutra vidfjaris (74, 75, 77, 79), and in MacaHsters 

 specimen of Viverra civetta (IX.), while in one specimen of Urstis 

 americanus (49), in Nasua rufa (60), in Cermleptes (6i), in Ictonyx 

 libyca (70), and in Young's specimen of Viverra civetta (VIII.) 

 they were separate. In no animal belonging to the Felidse ' have 

 we found any fusion between the opposite sterno-mastoids, and 

 the same applies to the Yiverridae with the exception of one Civet 

 (13), Genet (18), and Ci-yptoprocta (10). 



In many animals, e. g. Procyon lotor (53), Ursus maritimus (45), 

 U. americanus (49), Liitra (74), and Herpestes (24), some of the 

 dorsal fibres of the sterno-mastoid run forward and upward to 

 join the contiguous cephalo-humeral. 



In Hycena striata (26, 27, 28), H. crocuta (29), and H. hrunnea 

 (30) the muscle is divided into an inner and an outer portion, the 

 former going to the paramastoid process, the latter to the occipital 

 ridge. This arrangement may therefore be taken as typical of the 

 Hytenidse, and it is interesting to notice that in Proteles (25) the 

 same arrangement was found. 



Cleido-mastoid. — This muscle, as has ah-eady been pointed out, is 

 usually distinct from the sterno-mastoid though it may be fused 

 with it at its insertion. It rises from the rudimentary clavicle or, 

 when that is absent, from the tendinous intersection in the cephalo- 

 humeral muscle ; it passes forwards to be inserted into the par- 

 occipital process deep to the insertion of the sterno-mastoid. The 

 spinal accessory (Xlth) nerve seems to have a most constant 

 relation to this muscle, first piercing it and then running between 

 it and the sterno-mastoid to the trapezius. 



In Cercoleptes (61) the nerve passed entirely between the two 

 muscles, but this was the only exception \dth which we met. It 

 is interesting to contrast the beha\-iour of the spinal accessory in 

 the Carnivora and Eodentia (XLI.) : in the former it pierces the 

 cleido-mastoid, in the latter it passes deep to that muscle. 



Sterno-hyoid, Sterno-thyroid, and Tliyro-hyoid. — Owing to the 

 narrowness of the sternum, the two first-named muscles rise 

 laro-ely from the first rib. In Proteles, AVatson (XIII.) describes 

 the two sterno-hyoid muscles of opposite sides as being fused in 

 the middle line, but this was not noticed in the Ilyaenidse or 

 indeed in any other animal. In Lutra cinerea, 3Iacalister 

 (XXXYII.) describes a tendinous intersection in both the sterno- 

 hyoid and sterno-thyroid ; we found the same thing in the Dog 

 (31), though in that animal the sterno-hyoid and thj-roid were 

 fused on the caudal side of the intersection. Devis's specimen 

 of Viverra civetta (X.) seems to have shown a similar arrangement. 

 In the other animals examined the muscles had the usual human 

 attachments. 



Omo-hyoid. — When this muscle is present it has the usual 



> In F. catus (7) and F. len (la) we cannot satisfy ourselves whether a fusion 

 does or does not exist. 



