382 DR. B. C. A. WlNULB A.SrD MB. F. G. PABSOXS ON THE [Apr. 6, 



former rises from the uiid-cervical transverse processes, and is 

 inserted into the ventral arch of the atlas as well as into the 

 centrum of the second and somethnes the third cervical vertebra. 



Scaleims ventraUs (Scalenus anticus). — If by scalenus anticus 

 we understand a muscle which passes from the ventral side of the 

 cervical transverse processes to the first rib, ventral to the 

 subclavian artery and brachial plexus, that muscle is very rare in 

 the Carnivora. This is borne out by Gilis's researches (XLIII.); 

 he says that the plexus passes anterior (ventral) to all the scalenes 

 in Carnivora. Straus-Durckheim thinks that in the Cat (II.) the 

 scalenus anticus has become fused \\ith the rectus capitus anticus 

 major, and describes it under the name of " Isoscele." Alix 

 (XXX.) says that it is represented in Mustela patorms by some 

 tibres which are ventral to the transverse processes and are 

 separated from the rest of the scalene mass by the nerves. We 

 agree with Alix that nothing should be looked upon as scalenus 

 anticus which is not ventral to the brachial plexus. In Viverra 

 civetta both Macalister (IX.) and Young (VII [.) describe three 

 scalenes ; Devis (X.) also speaks of a scalenus auticus in this 

 animal, but in his case the muscle was dorsal to the nerves. 



Miirie (XVII.) speaks of a scalenus anticus in Hycena hnmnea, 

 but we think that it must have been a part of what we term 

 scalenus longus, since it was attached to the 4th and 5th ribs and 

 no mention is made of its relation to the brachial plexus. In no 

 other carnivorous animal is there any mention of a scalenus 

 anticus. 



Scalenus longus and brevis. — These muscles are always present. 

 The former rises from fonr or iive cervical transverse processes 

 but never reaches the first : it is inserted into the outer sui'faces 



Fig. 6. 



S£Ai^Af/\C 



scfii . io//d> 



SCfflSMSV- 



5vpA>/rco$r/!i/y> 



"''^'-, CUT. 



Scalene muscles of Caiiis familiaris. 



of 3, 4, or 5 ribs, beginning at the .3rd or 4th. In Cercolejites (61), 

 however, it is very well developed and is inserted from the 3rd to 

 the Sth rib. At its insertion the muscle iuterdigitates with the 

 terratus maguus and its ventral fibres reach farthest back. The 



