1897.] MYOLOGY OP xai! TEURESSMAL carmtoba. 3S5 



nivora. In Herpestes griseus (24) some of the deeper Hbres ol: the 

 pectoral were continuous with the supraspinatus. 



Trapezius. — The first part of the trapezius (clavo-cucullaris 

 of Straus-Durckheim) is continuous with the clavicular part of 

 the deltoid, forniiug the cephalo -humeral muscle. It rises from 

 the curved line of the occiput and from the ligamentum nuch« 

 and is usually well developed in Carnivora, especially in the 

 Hytenidae. When it reaches the region of the rudimentary 

 clavicle there is usually a tendinous intersection marking the 

 line of demarcation between the trapezial and deltoid elements 

 of the muscle ; at this point it is usually joined by a part or the 

 whole of the cleido-mastoid muscle. In some cases, e. g. Procyon 

 lotor (53) and Lutra vulgaris (74), the clavicle is fairly developed, 

 and in these only a few fibres are attached to the bone which lies 

 deep to the aforesaid tendinous intersection '. Besides the union 

 with the cleido-mastoid at the intersection, slips are often given 

 to or received from the sterno-mastoid ; this is most marked in 

 Lutra (74), in which the two muscles are largely fused, and also in 

 Ictonyx (70). The second part of the trapezius (acromio-cucuUaris) 

 is very constant ; it rises from the ligamentum nuchse and anterior 

 thoracic spines and is inserted into the anterior lip of the spine of 

 the scapula. At its insertion it is in close contact with the 

 acromio-trachelian, and in Viverricula malaccemis (15) and to a 

 less extent in Canis familiaris (31) the two muscles are fused 

 here. In Ictonyx zorilla (69), /. lybica (70), Nasua (58), and 

 Cercoleptes (61, 62) the posterior part of the origin of the acromio- 

 cucuUaris has no attachment to the thoracic spines, but is united 

 to the muscle of the opposite side by a tendinous junction. The 

 third part of the trapezius (dorso-cucullaris) rises from the posterior 

 thoracic spines and is inserted into the base of the spine of the 

 scapula. In Cyncelurus (9) the second part, according to Eoss, 

 rose from the ligamentum nuchas and 7th cervical spine, while the 

 third part came from the anterior six thoracic spines. In some 

 cases — e. g. Genetta vulgaris (18), G. tigrina (16 a), Hyoina striata 

 (26), Procyon lotor (53), Galictis vittata (63), Ictonyx zorilla (69), 

 /. lyhica (70), and Lutra vulgaris (74) — the third is separated from 

 the second part by a fibrous interval ; in other cases the two parts 

 are in close contact : though the arrangement does not seem to 

 depend in any way on the relationship of the various animals, 

 since Procyon lotor (53) has a separation, while in P. cancrivorus 

 (57) the two parts are continuous. It may be noticed that in all 

 Carnivora the second and third parts of the trapezius are feebly 

 developed in comparison with the first ; this is true even of the 

 Hysenidse, in which the neck and shoulder mascles are so very 

 powerful. 



Latissimus dorsi. — The latissimus dorsi rises from a large number 



■^o^ 



^ The development of the clavicle seems to vary a good deal individually ; 

 we found it well marked in Lutra vulgans, but Macalister did not notice it in 

 Lutra cincrea. Perrin (XXIX.) found it in Cercol&ptcs, but in our specimen 

 there was no trace. Possibly age is the explanation. 



