1897.] ilYOr.UGV OP THE TEKKE3TEI.VL O.UIXIVOUA. 395 



In Nasua (58, (50, (30 «) and Oercoleptes (61) it also goes to the 

 lower end. In the Miistelidae the usual insertioa is into the lovvei- 

 end of the bone ; at least this is the ease in Galictis harhara 

 (64), Ictomjx zorilla (69), T. lihyca (70), Meles taxus (72), and 

 Lutra vulr/aris (74, 75, 76); on the other hand, it is attached to 

 the middle in Musteki imtorius (65), M. foina (66), and Lutra 

 cinerea (78). 



It will thus be seen that in the Felidae, Viverridse, Hysenidse, 

 and Canidfe the insertion of the pronator radii teres is usually 

 into the middle of the radius or, in the Canidse, above that point, 

 while in the Ursidae, Procyoiiidae, and Mustelidae its insertion is 

 more ol'ten into the lower end. 



Flexor carpi radialiA. — -This muscle, as usual in Mammals, is 

 very constant ; it rises from the internal condyle and is inserted 

 into the base of the second metacarpal bone. The followinp; are 

 the only variations with which we have met in its attachments. 

 In Cifncelurus (9) Eoss (IV.) describes slips to the styloid process 

 of the radius and to the trapezium. In Ursus americanus (50), 

 Testut (XXIII.) found it ending in the scapholunar. In Ursus 

 arctos (47), Meckel (XXXIX.) notices its insertion into the 1st 

 and 2nd metacarpal bones. 



Palmaris loiigus. — The palmarls lougus in Carnivora is sometimes 

 double ; when this happens we shall speak of an externus and 

 internus. The former is the more constant and is closely connected 

 with the flexor sublimis digitorum at its origin ; it spreads out in 

 the pahn to form the palmar fascia, and often has definite tendons 

 running- to the vaginal sheaths of the proximal phalanges. The 

 palmaris longus internus appears to be a delamination from the 

 flexor carpi ulnaris, and ends in the fascia over the pisiform bone. 



Among the Felidae the externus alone is present. In Fells tigris 

 (3) it ends in five definite tendons, one for each digit. In F. leo 

 (1) and F. pardus (4) Macalister describes a palmaris accessorius 

 which rises from the main tendon a little above the wrist and is 

 inserted into the pads over the 4th and 5th digits ; we find a 

 similar muscle figured in Cuvier and Laurillard's plate of the lion's 

 manus (V.), and in our opinion it is the same thing that we 

 describe later under the name of flexor brevis digitorum manus. 



Among the Yiverridae the externus and internus were present 

 in Cri/ptoprocta (10), Genetta (18) (see fig. 9, p. 396), and Viverra 

 dvett'a {12). In Herpestes (24) (see fig. 10, p. 404), V. civetta (14), 

 and Paradoxurus (21) the externus alone was present, while in 

 V. civcfta (13) and Genetta (17) the internus was the only part found. 



In Proteles (25) the externus is distinct from the flexor sublimis 

 digitorum, and there is no internus. 



Among the HyaBnidse the arrangement is the same in Hycena 

 striata (26, 28) and H. crocuta (29), but in Meckel's specimen of the 

 former animal (27) the muscle was closely blended with the flexor 

 sublimis digitorum. 



In the Canida3 we have records of seven specimens of Cani^ 

 familiaris ; in four of these the muscle is absent altogether (31, 



26* 



