1897.] BLTJE BEAE OF TIBET. 421 



Afghanistan to Nepal, appears to be generally smaller than the 

 European Brown Bear, but is specially characterized by the light 

 creamy-brown tint of the winter pelage. Very old males, which 

 grow to a large size, are, however, considerably darker. The skull 

 (tig. 2, p. 420) is characterized by the obtuse angle formed in the 

 profile at the anterior border of the orbits, and the median hollow 

 where the nasals join the frontals. The fourth lower premolar 

 (fig. 1, p. 419) is relatively long and uarrow, with both the anterior 

 and posterior inner tubercles well developed. 



5. IlEsrs AECTUS COLLAEIS. — Kamschatlrm Brown Bear. 



Ursus collaris, F. Cmier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr. xliii. (1824) ; 

 Fitzinger, SB. Akad. "Wien, vol. Ixxxiv. p. 16 (1881). 



Ursus arctos, var. Beringiana, Middendoi'ff, Sibir. Eeise, vol. i. 

 pt. ii, taf. i. (1851). 



Ursus piscator, Pucheran, Eev. Zool. 18.5.5, p. 392; Sclater, 

 Proc. Zool, Soc. 1867, p. 817. 



Ursus lasiotus. Grav, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. xx. p. 301 

 (1867) ; Cat. Carniv.'Brit. Mus. p. 223 (1869). 



Ursus beringiana, Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, x. p. 69 

 (1896). 



The typical U. collaris of F. Cu\ner is from Siberia, but there 

 can be no reasonable doubt of its identity with the U. arctos var. 

 beringiana oi Middendor& ( = U.2)isc<:itor and U. lasiotus). Busk', 

 who regarded all the North American members of the group as 

 referable to a single species, 'identified U. piscator therewith. 

 Fitzinger" gives tlie range as extending from tJieUral through the 

 whole of Siberia to Kamschatka. It is one of the largest of all 

 living land Bears, old specimens probably attaining a length of 

 fully nine feet. Fitziuger's description is as follows : — The hinder 

 part of the head is broad and long, with convex parietals, and a 

 flattened forehead, passing gradually into a long, thick, and abruptly 

 truncated snout. Compared \^ith the common Brown Bear, the 

 ears are shorter and more rounded, the body is thick and massive, 

 and the hair long and tangled. The colour varies from light 

 yellowish-brown to blackish-brown, a broad whitish gorget extends 

 from the throat to the shoulders, and the legs are black. The 

 hair on the flanks dai'kens with age. He adds that this Bear is 

 undoubtedly distinct from the common Brown Bear of Europe, 

 and that it is abundant in Kamschatka. 



According to Gray the light collar is not constant. 



There are several skulls of this form in the British Museum. In 

 a sub-adult specimen the vaulting of the frontal region is moderately 

 developed. In a very old one there is a distinct concavity at the 

 root of the nasals, and the zygomatic width is not excessive. The 

 fourth lower premolar has only the posterior inner tubercle 

 developed. I do not know the form and length of the claws. 



» Trans. Zool. Soc. toI. x. p. 64 (1877). 

 * SB. Ak. Wien, vol. Ixxxiv. p. 16 (1881). 



