424 MR. n. LYDEKKER ON THE [-'^pi'- ^, 



Kadiak Bear, the British Museum specimen appears larger, with 

 less expansion of the zygomata, and the arching not so high or so 

 sudden, but more regular. 



This Bear is doubtless the Ursus fero.r of Temminck's ' Fauna 

 .Taponica,' which was from the north island of Japan. Ursus 

 japoniciis, on the other baud, probably comes from the southern 

 island, of which the fauna, Mr. Thomas tells me, is of an Oriental 

 type, whereas that of Tezo is strictly Holarctie. 



8. Ursus arctus dalli. — Alasl-an Brown Bear. 



Ursus dalli, Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. x. p. 71 

 (1896). 



Ursxis sitkensis, Merriam, op. cit. p. 73. 



This Bear, although very large, is slightly inferior in size to the 

 one inhabiting Kadiak Island, and has the frontal region of the 

 skull but slightly elevated and nearly flat. In the typical form, 

 from Takutat Bay, the upper carnassial is unusually large, with 

 an additional internal tubercle, the lower carnassial has accessory 

 tubercles on the inner side of the talon, and the fourth lower 

 premolar has a well-developed postero-iuternal cusp. On the 

 other hand, in the rather smaller form from Sitka the upper 

 carnassial is normal (tricuspid), the lower carnassial has no 

 accessory tubercles on the inner side of the talon, and the fourth 

 premolar ( if I understand the description rightly) has only the 

 antero-internal cusp. Even if such differences prove constant 

 (which I doubt), I should not be disposed to regard even them as 

 of subspecific value, considering that both Bears come from districts 

 so close to one another as are Takutat Bay and Sitka. The front 

 claws, as exemplified by a specimen in the British Museum, are 

 long and much curved. 



9. Ursus arctus horribilis. — Grizzly Bear. 



Ursus horribilis, Ord, in Guthrie's Greography, 2nd Amer. ed. 

 vol. i. p. 291 (1815) ; Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. x. 

 p. 74 (1896). 



Ursus cinereus, Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. i. p. 164 (1820). 



Ursits ferox, Desmarest (? ex Lewis & Clarke), loc. cit. 



Ursus (Danis) cinereus, Gray, Cat. Carniv. Brit. Mus. p. 228 (1869). 



The true Grizzly Bear, ranging from Norton Sound, Alaska, 

 through the northern Eocky Mountains to Utah, is a smaller animal 

 than either of the preceding forms. According to Busk, this Bear 

 (probably in common with some of the preceding New World 

 types) differs from U. arctus ti/piciis in the following points : — 

 The jugal arcade is less of a circle and more of an ellipse ; the 

 palate is flatter ; the last upper molar is less narrowed behind ; 

 the inner tubercle of the upper carnassial is larger; and the fourth 

 lower premolar is larger, and usually has two internal tubercles \ 



* As already mentioned, the second of these tubercles may be preseut in 

 U. a. typicus, and both are constant in U. a. isabellivus. 



