Ig97.1 BLUE BEAR OE TIBET. 425 



Dr. Merriam describes the skull as relatively long, with the 

 temporal impressions in the adult not turning in abruptly from 

 the postorbital processes, and the frontal elevated and usually 

 convex between the latter. The fore claws are longer and less 

 curved than in any other member of the group. 



The Sonoran Grizzly — the TJ. horribilis horriceus of Baird — 

 which ranges from the southern Kocky Mountains to Northern 

 Mexico and California, has the frontal region flattened and concave 

 between the postorbital processes. Whether this form should 

 rank as a distinct subspecies (in my sense of that term) I am not 

 prepared to say definitely, although I am inclined to think it 

 should not. If a quadrinomial term were permissible, such would 

 best express its relationship. It is not quite easy to understand 

 what are Dr. Merriam's views on the subject, since on page 69 of 

 his memoir he alludes to it as U. horriceus, and on page 75 as 

 U. horribilis horriceus. 



10. Ursus akctus richardsoni. — Barren- Ground Bear. 



Ursus richardsoni, Swainson, Animals in Menageries (Lardner's 

 Cabinet Cyclopedia), p. 54 (1838) ; Merriam, P. Biol. Soc. Wash- 

 ington, X. p. 77 (1896). 



This Bear, according to Dr. Merriam, differs from the Grizzly 

 in the shorter skull, in which the temporal impressions of the 

 adult bend in suddenly from the postorbital processes so as to 

 form nearly a right angle with the median line. The fourth lower 

 premolar is stated to have no inner tubercles. In size this Bear 

 is the smallest American member of the group. Its range includes 

 the so-called Barren Grounds between Hudson Bay and the 

 Mackenzie Eiver. 



11. TJbstjs arcttjs crowthbri. — African Brown Bear. 



Ursus crowtheri, Schinz, Sjn. Mamm. p. 302 (1842); Busk, 

 Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. x. p. 73 (1877). 



Helarctos (?) crowtheri. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 698 ; 

 Cat. Carniv. Brit. Mus. p. 236 (1869). 



Ursus faidherbianus, Bourguignat, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.) ser. 5, 

 viii. p. 43 (1867). 



Of this Bear I have no definite knowledge, and it is only on 

 distributional grounds that I include it in the U. ccrctus group. 

 Gray, who provisionally placed it in his genus Helarctos, describes 

 it as follows: — " Fur long, shaggy, blackish brown, beneath orange- 

 rufous ; nose very short, acuminate, black ; toes short ; claws stout 

 and straight." 



The evidence of the existence of a Bear in North-western Africa 

 is summarized by Busk in the passage quoted above. The types 

 of the species were two specimens captured in 1834 at Tetuan, 

 particulars of which were communicated to Blyth by Mr, Crow ther. 

 Busk writes that " according to Capt. Loche, author of several 

 works on the mammalogy of Algeria, the Brown Bear would 



Proc. Zool. Soc— 1897, No. XXVin. 28 



