1897.] MR. G. p. MUDGE ON THE TONGUE OF PARKOTS. 815 



the previous specimen. In fact the neu' example seemed to differ as 

 much from the latter, if not more so, than did the Kashmir Snow- 

 Bear from the Brown Bear of Europe ; and thus supported the 

 author's view as to the Blue Bear forming a species distinct from 

 all the otlier living members of the U. arctus group, which he re- 

 garded as subspecies of one variable species. Whether these 

 differences were merely individual, or due to season or age, or, on 

 the other hand, indicated subspecific forms, it was difficult to de- 

 termine. Tibet was a large country, which might well contain 

 districts suitable for the habitat of Bears more or less completely 

 separated by physical barriers from one another. And it was 

 certain that the differences between the two specimens considered 

 were much greater, so far as coloration was concerned, than those 

 between the various N. American Grizzlies. But if two subspecies 

 were indicated, which was to be regarded as the typical race of 

 the species? 



Mr. Lydekker also exhibited a coloured sketch of the Deer de- 

 scribed by Mr. Blanford as C'emus eustephanus, but of which the 

 proper name appeared to be C. canadensis asiaiicus. The specimen, 

 in company with several others of the same race, was living in the 

 menagerie at Woburn Abbey, and came from the Altai. It in- 

 dicated a very distinct race of the Wapiti, in which the entire 

 animal was smaller than the American Wapiti, although the 

 antlers were absolutely larger. Mr. Lydekker likewise mentioued 

 that the Stag he had described under the provisional name of 

 C. bedfordianus (P. Z. S. 1896, p. 932) had recently died, after 

 developing the antlers of the third year. These seemed to indicate 

 that it was identical with C. xanthopygns and that the figure of 

 the type of the latter (Milne-Edw. Eecherches Mammif. pi. xxi.) 

 was very incorrect, the tail being drawn much too long, whereas 

 it is really as short as in the Wapiti. 



Mr. Gr. P. Mudge read a preliminnry paper on the Myology of 

 the Tongue of Parrots. Species of Ara, Brotogerys, Chrysotis, and 

 Lorius had been examined, and the detailed relationships of the 

 individual muscles to the "■ parahyal arch" ol Mivart had been 

 worked out. Muscles termed the mesoylossus, mylo-para-hyoideus, 

 and cerator/Iossus were described as new. 



Special interest was shown to attach to the inferior ceratoglossus 

 muscle. In respect to it Ara and Chrysotis were found to be struc- 

 turally similar, and to present a condition markedly distinct from 

 that occurring in the Loriidse ; but while in the general characters 

 of their lingual musculature the Loriidae were found to stand alone 

 (as had been concluded by Mivart from the study of their skeleton), 

 as concerning the inferior ceratoglossus Brotogerys had been found 

 to present a condition intermediate between that occurring in them 

 and the other Psittacidae thus far examined. 



