Researches respecting the radical of Benzoic Acid. 271 
Warmed with alkalies and water, this chloroide forms at the same 
time a chloride of the metal and a benzoate of the alkali. © 
In all these decompositions beside the benzoic and hydro-chloric 
acids, no third body is formed, whence it clearly follows, that in this 
compound, chlorine and benzoyl must be in such proportion, that by 
the separation of water into its constituents, these last, exactly suffice 
to form on the one side hydrochloric, and on the other anhydrated 
benzoic acid,—the latter, at the moment of its formation, taking up 
one atom of water. Hydrobenzoy] (bitter almond oil) consists of, 
(14C-+10 H+20)+2H. 
By the action of chlorine, two atoms of hydrogen unite with two 
atoms of chlorine to form hydro-chloric acid, which is evolved. But 
the hydrogen gives place to two atoms of chlorine according to the 
following formula ; 
(14 C+10H+20)+2 Cl. 
With the constituents of water this body is decomposed in such a 
manner that two atoms of hydrogen unite with two atoms of chlorine 
to form hydrochloric acid, while the freed oxygen unites with ben- 
zoyl and forms benzoic acid. 
By analysis we proved the correctness of the composition. We 
dissolved it in dilute ammonia, super-saturated it with nitric-acid and 
precipitated by the nitrate of silver. 0.719. grm. Chlorobenzéyl 
gave 0.712 gm. chloride of silver. This gives for 100 pts. 24.423 
of chlorine. 
Ignition with oxide of copper in the common way, where the fluid 
in small bulbs is placed in the ignition tube, proved altogether imprac- 
ticable and indeed upon the grounds already mentioned. All these 
experiments failed us, since every time, even by the most cautious 
heating, the content of the small bulb, or the fluid present in the 
oxide of copper, was at once converted into gas, and thereby ei- 
ther the oxide was converted into the chloride of calcium, or a part 
of the substance was carried away unignited. 
It was therefore necessary to introduce the weighed fluid by drops 
among the oxide of copper; by a slow progressive heating we suc- 
ceeded perfectly in terminating the ignition without difficulty. 
0.534 gm. Chlorobenzoyl yielded 1.188. carbonic acid and 1.180 
of water, which in 100 pts. gives, 
Carbon, ee i u 60.83 
Hydrogen, - - - 3.74 
Oxygen, - - - 11.01 
Chlorine, - = = 24.42 
