276 Researches respecting the radical of Benzowe Acid. 
By dissolving benzamide in a strong acid with boiling, it disappears, 
and in its place benzoic acid in crystals separates from the cooled 
solution, while an ammoniacal salt has formed. By employing hot 
concentrated sulphuric acid, the formed benzoic acid sublimes. If 
boiled with pure water, even for a considerable length of time, this 
change into benzoic acid and ammonia does not take place. 
The analysis of benzamide is easily effected by ignition with oxide 
of copper. The relative proportion of nitrogen and carbon was as- 
certained by the ignition of the substance “in vacuo.” The ignition 
tube was provided at one end with a thirty inch tube, the one end 
dipping in mercury, and the other drawn out to a strong point, which 
by means of a caoutchouc tube could be connected with the small 
air-pump. 
The air was then exhausted, and as soon as the mercury had risen 
in the tube to the height of some twenty seven inches, the point at 
the other end of the ignition tube was closed by the blowpipe, and 
the ignition was commenced. 
From these experiments it followed that nitrogen and carbon were 
evolved in the proportion of one to fourteen. It yielded farther, 
Carbonie acid. Water. 
I. 0.400 grm. benzamide =1.012 . +0.208 
IAP Ore RG t = 1.235 : +0.253 
Calculated from these, benzamide contains in one hundred parts, 
I. Il. 
Carbon, f 69.954 : : 69.816 
Hydrogen, : : 5.780 ; 5 5.790 
Nitrogen, : “ 11.563 : 5 11.562 
Oxygen, d ‘ 12.603 i P 12.832 
By volume these numbers give as the theoreucal result, 
14 atoms Carbon, ‘ 107.0118 : : 69.73 
sa Ev dirogeny, |. 8.7360 : : 5.69 
2  - Nitrogen, : 17.7036 i ; 11.53 
2 eeu Oxvee4n, : 20.0000 : d 13.05 
This composition clearly explains not merely the manner of the 
formation of benzamide, but also its behavior with acids and potassa, 
that is, its conversion into benzoic acid and ammonia. 
If 2 atoms of ammonia be added to the composition of chloride of 
benzoyl, we obtain the formula ; | 
14C+10H+20+2Cl=chlorobenzoyl 
12H -_4N ammonia 
14C+4+22H+4+20+2Cl+44N. 
