428 MR. F. E. BEDDARD ON THE [JunC 3, 



There is only a single pafagial muscle, which divides into two 

 tendons, the lo7ifjus and hrevis. 



The latter, as shown in tho drawing (Plate XXXIX. fig. 1\ is a 

 single strongish tendon which passes straight to its attachment near 

 to the elbow ; it gives off no recurrent slip to join the Jongus tendon. 



As in so many other birds, a muscular slip arises from the biceps 

 and passes into the patagium ; it is, however, not attached to the 

 lonr/us tendon, as is so generally the case, but is inserted on to the 

 patagial membrane. I have carefully examined both sides of the 

 body of the single specimen at my disposal, and have found that the 

 conditions are absolutely identical ; it may be therefore reasonably 

 inferred that this peculiar termination of the biceps slip is cha- 

 racteristic of the bird. 



So far as my own experience goes, this peculiar arrangement 

 of the muscle is not to be met with in any other Eail-like bird ; 

 nor do I find any mention of such by Fiirbringer [4]. In the 

 Coh/7nbidce, however, in the genera Coli/mbus, Alca, and Podiceps 

 Fiirbringer figures (4, Taf. xix. figs. 2, 3, 4) and describes a similar 

 ending of this muscle which he terms " Biceps propatagialisr This 

 is obviously a rather important fact, though perhaps it may be 

 thought that its significauce is somewhat reduced by the occurrence 

 of an identical arrangement in the Cormorant ; many ornithologists, 

 however, have indicated points of aflinity between the Steganopodes 

 (particularly PhaJacrocorax, Plotus, and Phaethon, see Garrod 3) and 

 the Colymbidce. 



Expansor seciindariorum. — This is a muscle upon the presence or 

 absence of which Garrod [1] laid very considerable stress as a 

 classificatory mark. I find that it is distinctly present in Podica 

 senegalensis, having an attachment to the teres which is frequently 

 found in other birds. In the Eallidce this peculiar muscle is present, 

 and has the form which Garrod termed Ciconine [1]. In the 

 ColymbidcB and Podicipedidce this muscle was " not seen ; " however, 

 Fiirbringer found [4] in the latter group undoubted vestiges of the 

 tendon, of which he was unable to trace very definitely the origin or 

 insertion. 



Merely from the point of view of its presence, then, this muscle does 

 not permit of any conclusions with respect to the relationship of 

 Podica. With regard to the course of the tendon, I have already 

 referred to the fact that it joins the teres at a point where that 

 muscle begins to become converted into its tendon of attachment, 

 passing through a fibrous pulley ; the tendon of the expansor secund- 

 ariorum is here comparatively broad and tough and not easily 

 missed ; it then passes beyond the teres and enters the thoracic 

 cavity, ending apparently in the usual way. 



Anconceus longus.- — This muscle {Anc, Plate XXXIX. fig. 4) arises 

 from the scapula by an origin which is fleshy internally, but ten- 

 dinous externally ; it is also attached to humerus close to its scapular 

 origin ; further down the humerus, a little above the insertion of the 

 latissimus dorsi, is a flat but somewhat narrow tendon (Anc) which 

 attaches the anconceus to that bone. There appear to be no special 



