1885.] 'lightning' AND 'porcupine' EXPEDITIONS. 53 



Cerithium. It has no operculum. Professor G. O. Sars has kiudly 

 furnished me with the following remarks as to the odontopbore of 

 L. granosa compared with that or C. tuberculatum : — " In tlie former 

 it is remarkably slender, and has all the plates (including the uiiciui) 

 nearly uniform in shape and strongly curved, almost hooked, without 

 distinctly marked secondary teeth ; whereas in V. tuherculutum tl>e 

 odontopbore (as in C. reticulatum) is comparatively short and broad, 

 with the middle and lateral plates strongly denticulated at the edge, 

 and the unciiii rather slender. Moreover the j iws in the two forms 

 are of a somewhat different shape." I do not, however, attach 

 much importance to the character of dentition alone, because it must 

 depend on tbe nature of the food, and cannot be distinguishable iu 

 the fossil state. 



At first sight the Crag form would seem to be different from the 

 recent or living form, because the former is cancellated or reticulated, 

 while the latter has spiral striae onl)'. But this difference disappears 

 in the examination of a great many recent specimens, some of which 

 have the longitudinal striae or ribs stronger and more developed than 

 in other specimens : this partly accounts for the sculpture, and some 

 allowance must be made for the rubbed or abraded condition of nearly 

 all fossil (and especially Red Crag) shells. One of my recent speci- 

 mens is uniformly reticulated. 



1. Cerithium TUBERCULATUM, Linne. 



Strombus tuberculatus, L. S. N. p. 1213 ; B. C. iv. p. 264. 



C. vulgatum, De Blaiuville, Fn. Frang. p. 153, pi. 6 A. f. 1, & 

 p. 154, same plate, f. 5 ; Philippi, Moll. Sic. i. p. 192, t. xi. f. 3, 4, 

 5, 8, 9. 



'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. 26 (fragment); Med. Capo de 

 Gata, 55. 



Distribution. Bergen and Manger on the western coast of Norway, 

 in the stomachs of cod {M. Sars), Jersey (/. G. J. ; dead siiecimens), 

 Herm {Dodd; also dead), Brest and adjacent coast (Daniel), Porni- 

 chet in the Loire-inferieure (C'ailliaud ; living), Atlantic coast of 

 Spain (Hidalgo), throughout the Mediterranean, Black Sea, Adriatic, 

 Senegal (Adanson), Canaries (d'Orbiyny and McAndrew), Madeira 

 (AlcAndrew) ; 0-120 fms. Inhabits the httoral and laminarian 

 zones. 



Fossil. Miocene, Pliocene, and Post-tertiary : Vienna and Bordeaux 

 Basins, Transylvania, Biot, Italy, Rhodes, Cos, Cyprus, Morea, 

 Algeria, and C. Verd I. 



This abundant species is of course extremely variable in respect of 

 the proportionate dimensions, size, and sculpture, and has received 

 numerous synonyms. Weinkauff has noted eleven. 



Caruaua says that the Maltese name is " brancutlu," and that it 

 is used for food. 



2. Cerithium procerum, Jeffreys. (Plate VI. figs. 2, 2 a.) 

 C. procerum, Jeffr. in Ann. & Mag. N. H. April 1877, p. 322. 

 ' Liglituing ' Exp. St. I. 



