1885.] 'lightning' AND 'porcupine' EXPEDITIONS. 57 



Distribution. Lofoden I. to Gibraltar, throughout the Mediter- 

 ranean, Black Sea, Adriatic, Marocco, Canaries, and Azores ; 0-140 

 fms. Inhabits the littoral and laminariau zones. 



Fossil. Miocene, Pliocene, and Post-tertiary ; throughout 

 Europe, Cos, Rhodes, Cyprus, and Madeira ; 0-200 ft. 



For this abundant and widely spread species Weinkauff has par- 

 ticularized 1/ synonyms; but I must demur to the inclusion of 

 C. unyustissimum of Forbes, wliich, according to the type now before 

 me, is a species of Cerithiopsis, and the same species which Delle 

 Chiaje described and named as Cerithium metaxa. The best knowu 

 synonym is Murex scaber of Olivi, 1792. 



It seems to be replaced on the nortiiern coasts of the United States 

 by C. nigrum of Totten. The longitudinal ribs or striae are often 

 varicose ; hence Nyst described and figured a variety of the present 

 species as a Crag fossil under the name of C. oariculosum. 



10. Cerithium pusillum, Jeffreys. 



Turritellal pusiJla, Jeffr. in Ann. & Mag. N. H. Febr. 1856, 

 p. 42, f. 10, 11, 



' Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. C. Sagres, 26, Tangier B.; Med. 

 50, Rasel Anioush, Adventure Bank. 



Distribution. C. Breton (De Folin), Mediterranean and Black 

 Sea; 12-120 fms. 



Fossil. Miocene : Vienna Basin (Homes). Pliocene : Monte 

 Mario, Calabria, Sicily, and Rhodes. 



C. schwartzi, Homes, 1856, and C. submammillatum, Rayneval, 

 1864. Fischer says "non C. pusillum, Gould," and that it is anterior 

 to my name ; but I described and figured the present species in 

 1855-56, and Gould described his species in 1862. 



The basal groove is so slight and shallow that I at first thought 

 it might be a Turritella. Specimens are occasionally varicose. 



SiPHONIBRANCHIATA. 



Family XXIX. Cerithiopsid^. 

 1. Triforis perversa, Linne. 



Trochus perversus, L. S. N. p. 1231. 



Cerithium perversum, B. C. iv. p. 261 ; v. p. 217, pi. Ixxx. f. 5, 



'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. 26, 30, Tangier B. ; Med. 

 Algesiras B., 45, Benzert Road, Rasel Amoush, Adventure Bank. 



Distribution. Christiansund and Bohuslan to Egypt, Black Sea 

 and Adriatic, Marocco, Madeira, Canaries, Azores, N. JPacific {Cooper, 

 f. P. Carpenter) ; 0-205 fms. 



Fossil. Miocene : Mayence and Vienna Basins, Transylvania and 

 Calabria. Pliocene : Red and Coralline Crags, S. France, Italy, 

 Morea, Rhodes, Cyprus, and Madeira. Post-tertiarv : Scandinavia 

 and Ireland; 0-120 ft. 



